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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Five main historical views of the atonement
ransom to Satan
satisfaction
moral influence
example
governmental
View of atonement: ransom to Satan
Christ's death was a price paid to Satan to purchase the release of the prisoners. (Origen) CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD SATAN.
View of atonement: satisfaction
God's honor, offended by the Fall, demanded one of two things: either satisfaction or punishment. It is not the divine wrath that is propitiated
View of the atonement: moral influence
the problem is we are afraid of God and we are ignorant of God, so Christ died to demonstrate God's love for us, to dispel our fear, and to remove our ignorance. (Abelard) CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD MAN.
View of atonement: example
(Sozzini ) The human Jesus died to demonstrate perfect love for God. That is what we need. We need to love God more. And we follow Jesus' example of love for God in order to be saved. CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD MAN.
View of atonement: Governmental
(Grotius ) God, viewed as moral governor, put the Son of God to death though He did not have to die. It was deemed by God as the most fitting way to demonstrate God's attitude toward sin and it was definitely in the best interest of God's moral government. Christ's death was a substitute for a vicarious substitution. It was not a vicarious substitution. It was not Christ dying in the stead of the guilty, but Christ dying to demonstrate God's attitude toward sin. CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD MAN.
For a systematic summary of Christ’s saving work, one must know that Christ’s death is
salvific
voluntary
substitutionary
according to divine appointment
uses various pictures to present Christ’s saving death
includes certain events
is in his offices of prophet, priest, and king
involves his two states
is a propitiation
is particular.
Examples of Christ’s work being salvific
Lamb of God (John 1:29)
Grain of wheat who died and bore fruit (John 12:20-26)
Examples of Christ’s work being voluntary
Good Shepherd willingly laid down his life (John 10:17-18)
Priestly sacrifice who consecrated Himself (John 17:19)
Examples of Christ’s death being substitutionary
became a curse for them (Gal. 3:10-13)
sacrifice for the sins of His people (Hebrews 9:28)
Examples of Christ’s death being by divine appointment
Suffering servant (Is. 53:10)
The Son of man must be lifted up (John 3:14)
Nine themes/pictures used to present Christ’s death
mighty victory
second Adam overturning effect of fall
legal terms
priestly/sacrificial terms
example
revelatory
ratifies the new covenant
basis for justification
accomplishes redemption/reconciliation.
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: mighty victory
John 13:1-2 (victorious death and resurrection.)
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: second Adam overturning effects of fall
Romans 5
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: legal terms
Gal. 3
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: priestly/sacrificial terms
John 1:29
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: example
John 12:23-26 (giving one’s life for God)
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: revelatory
John 8:28
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: ratifies the new covenant
Hebrews
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: basis for justification
Romans 3
Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: accomplished redemption/reconciliation
Romans 3
Six events included in Christ’s saving work
incarnation
earthly life
crucifixion
resurrection
ascension and session
return
Scripture example for Christ’s incarnation
Hebrews 2:14 he too shared in their humanity so that by his death…
Scripture example for Christ’s earthly life
Hebrews 5 speaks of Christ being made perfect by learning obedience to the things He suffered
Scripture example for Christ’s crucifixion
Galatians 3 he redeemed us by becoming a curse for us
Scripture example for Christ’s resurrection
1 Corinthians 15 he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures
Scripture example for Christ’s ascension and session
Acts 5:30-31 God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior
Scripture example for Christ’s return
1 Peter 1:13 set your hope fully on the grace to be given you when Jesus Christ is revealed
Two contrasting views on the extent of the atonement
limited atonement and universal atonement
Limited Atonement distinctives
Christ died “for his people”
a deduction from other doctrines
an inference from the nature of the atonement
has a historical link between election and atonement
Universal Atonement distinctive
looks to passages that say “world” and “all,” says some for whom Christ died will perish, universal proclamation of the gospel, says limited atonement contradicts God’s love for the world.
Four passages used to prove universal atonement
I Tim 4:10, I John 2:2, Is. 53, 2 Peter 2:1
An argument against universal atonement
one can speak of the whole world in a distributive (each and every) sense or in a collective (some out of every) sense not all without exception but all without distinction.