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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Five main historical views of the atonement
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ransom to Satan
satisfaction moral influence example governmental |
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View of atonement: ransom to Satan
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Christ's death was a price paid to Satan to purchase the release of the prisoners. (Origen) CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD SATAN.
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View of atonement: satisfaction
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God's honor, offended by the Fall, demanded one of two things: either satisfaction or punishment. It is not the divine wrath that is propitiated
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View of the atonement: moral influence
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the problem is we are afraid of God and we are ignorant of God, so Christ died to demonstrate God's love for us, to dispel our fear, and to remove our ignorance. (Abelard) CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD MAN.
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View of atonement: example
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(Sozzini ) The human Jesus died to demonstrate perfect love for God. That is what we need. We need to love God more. And we follow Jesus' example of love for God in order to be saved. CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD MAN.
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View of atonement: Governmental
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(Grotius ) God, viewed as moral governor, put the Son of God to death though He did not have to die. It was deemed by God as the most fitting way to demonstrate God's attitude toward sin and it was definitely in the best interest of God's moral government. Christ's death was a substitute for a vicarious substitution. It was not a vicarious substitution. It was not Christ dying in the stead of the guilty, but Christ dying to demonstrate God's attitude toward sin. CROSS DIRECTED TOWARD MAN.
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For a systematic summary of Christ’s saving work, one must know that Christ’s death is
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salvific
voluntary substitutionary according to divine appointment uses various pictures to present Christ’s saving death includes certain events is in his offices of prophet, priest, and king involves his two states is a propitiation is particular. |
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Examples of Christ’s work being salvific
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Lamb of God (John 1:29)
Grain of wheat who died and bore fruit (John 12:20-26) |
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Examples of Christ’s work being voluntary
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Good Shepherd willingly laid down his life (John 10:17-18)
Priestly sacrifice who consecrated Himself (John 17:19) |
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Examples of Christ’s death being substitutionary
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became a curse for them (Gal. 3:10-13)
sacrifice for the sins of His people (Hebrews 9:28) |
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Examples of Christ’s death being by divine appointment
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Suffering servant (Is. 53:10)
The Son of man must be lifted up (John 3:14) |
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Nine themes/pictures used to present Christ’s death
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mighty victory
second Adam overturning effect of fall legal terms priestly/sacrificial terms example revelatory ratifies the new covenant basis for justification accomplishes redemption/reconciliation. |
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: mighty victory
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John 13:1-2 (victorious death and resurrection.)
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: second Adam overturning effects of fall
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Romans 5
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: legal terms
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Gal. 3
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: priestly/sacrificial terms
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John 1:29
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: example
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John 12:23-26 (giving one’s life for God)
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: revelatory
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John 8:28
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: ratifies the new covenant
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Hebrews
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: basis for justification
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Romans 3
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Scripture example of picture of Christ’s death: accomplished redemption/reconciliation
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Romans 3
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Six events included in Christ’s saving work
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incarnation
earthly life crucifixion resurrection ascension and session return |
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Scripture example for Christ’s incarnation
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Hebrews 2:14 he too shared in their humanity so that by his death…
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Scripture example for Christ’s earthly life
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Hebrews 5 speaks of Christ being made perfect by learning obedience to the things He suffered
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Scripture example for Christ’s crucifixion
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Galatians 3 he redeemed us by becoming a curse for us
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Scripture example for Christ’s resurrection
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1 Corinthians 15 he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures
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Scripture example for Christ’s ascension and session
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Acts 5:30-31 God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior
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Scripture example for Christ’s return
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1 Peter 1:13 set your hope fully on the grace to be given you when Jesus Christ is revealed
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Two contrasting views on the extent of the atonement
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limited atonement and universal atonement
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Limited Atonement distinctives
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Christ died “for his people”
a deduction from other doctrines an inference from the nature of the atonement has a historical link between election and atonement |
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Universal Atonement distinctive
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looks to passages that say “world” and “all,” says some for whom Christ died will perish, universal proclamation of the gospel, says limited atonement contradicts God’s love for the world.
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Four passages used to prove universal atonement
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I Tim 4:10, I John 2:2, Is. 53, 2 Peter 2:1
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An argument against universal atonement
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one can speak of the whole world in a distributive (each and every) sense or in a collective (some out of every) sense not all without exception but all without distinction.
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