Humanities Unit 5!!

Front 1

What was the extent of Nazi Victory by 1940?

Back 1

1. German Blitzkrieg "lightning war"
2. Conquest of most of Europe
- Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, France, Greece, Etc.
3. England nearly defeated, except US does "lend-lease" policy which gives supplies to England.

Front 2

Who was Winston Churchill?

Back 2

1. Prime Minister of England
2. criticized policy of appeasement.
3. Swore eternal war against Hitler.

Front 3

What was the military status of England by 1940?

Back 3

1. Very weak, but manages to defend air attacks of Germany.
2. No longer able to threaten Germany.

Front 4

Who won the Battle of Britain?

Back 4

1. Britain
2. Germany tried an air war because knew that to travel across channel would be too difficult without air control, but they failed and Britain won.

Front 5

The Hilter/Stalin pact of 1939 made Germany and the Soviet Union Allies. By the terms of this alliance, what was done with the buffer states of Europe?

Back 5

1. The buffer states were placed under Russian control.

Front 6

What was the "odd alliance" that brought victory in WW2? What was odd about this alliance?

Back 6

1. England, US and Soviet Union.
2. This was odd because US and England were democratic, where as the Soviets were communist.

Front 7

How did the invasion of Normandy, France, in June 1944 lead to victory in WW2?

Back 7

1. England, France, US and Canadians invade Normandy, France.
2. This opens up a second front that Stalin wanted, which allowed both militaries to close in and surround Germany/Hitler. Caused Hitler's defeat. Russia gained control of many of the successor states.

Front 8

When did WW2 end in Europe?What happened to Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler

Back 8

1. When US/England invaded Germany from the west and Russia invaded from the East, closing in on Germany.
2. Hilter committed suicide instead of letting Russian communists capture him. Mussolini was hung.

Front 9

Who was President of the United States when WW2 ended in Europe?

Back 9

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Front 10

How was victory against Japan achieved?

Back 10

1. Two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) and Island Hopping was performed to take back pacific islands.
2. Japan surrenders, effectively ending WW2.

Front 11

Who was President of the United States when Japan surrendered?

Back 11

Harry S. Truman

Front 12

What was the Berlin/Rome/Tokyo alliance?

Back 12

1. Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Front 13

What happened that ended the German alliance with the Soviet Union?

Back 13

1. Operation Barborossa - Full scale German attack on the Soviets.
2. Opens up the Eastern front
- Germans plan to conquer Soviets before winter.

Front 14

What was the Vichy government of France?

Back 14

1. Government run by Germans after they took over France.
2. Turned away from democratic ways of the defeated Third Republic.
3. Laws only applied if they did not contradict German ones.

Front 15

How strong was Anti-Semitism in Europe before WW2?

Back 15

1. Nazi street violence occurred with Jews.
2. Nazi had judges and police officials in place, which allowed them to get away with these killings.
3. Nuremberg laws/Kristallnact
4. Judiasm linked to tradional Jewish hatred - Social Darwinism

Front 16

What was the Nazi "Final Solution" concerning Europe's Jewish population?

Back 16

1. They wanted to exterminate the entire Jewish population in Germany.
2. This was given top priority, even over the war effort.

Front 17

What was the "Einsatzgruppen?

Back 17

1. German Nazi death squads that rounded up all the Jews and subjected them to mass murder.

Front 18

What was the Wannsee Conference of 1942? What were its goals? Who were the participants?

Back 18

1. Called to create a coordinated plan to seek out and kill every Jew in Europe.
2. Nazi Buerocrats were the main participants.
3. Came up with the "Final Solution" - exterminate all Jews in Germany.

Front 19

What was the extent of the Holocaust?

Back 19

1. 40 % of Jews in Europe had been killed by 1944.
2. Concentration camps originally just for those who opposed Nazi, death camps came later where Jewish killing took place.
3. Helped that Germany had most of Europe so could expand Jew killings all over.

Front 20

How did Nazi victories in Europe contribute to the Holocaust?

Back 20

1. Attack on the Soviet Union helped provide opportunity to kill Jews and defeat communism because pact with Stalin no longer there. Before Nazi had to be careful not to offend Stalin with Jewish killings.

Front 21

What was the "Devouring" or "other Holocaust" in WW2?

Back 21

The "devouring" was the mass murder of gypsies in Europe by the Nazis.

Front 22

What is Zionism?

Back 22

1. Dream that Jews will some day return to Palestine and build a Jewish state.
2. Rebuild sacred temple.

Front 23

Who was Theodore Herzl?

Back 23

1. Wrote a book called The Jewish State.
2. advocate of Jews leaving nations of diaspora and go back to Palestine to establish Jewish state.
3. Started World Zionist Movement

Front 24

Why was Zionism not successful before WW2?

Back 24

1. Most of the Ottoman Empire was Muslim - didn't want Jews coming in.
2. Arabs occupied what had been the state of Israel
3. Vast majority of Jews really didn't want fire up to Zionist dream
- persecution of Jews was on the decline.

Front 25

How did WW2 and the Nazi Holocaust contribute to Zionism?

Back 25

1. Those who had been in death camps didn't want to go back to Poland/Germany, now dream of starting own Jewish state.

Front 26

What was the role of England in Palestine after WW2? Why did England have this role?

Back 26

1. England held Palestine as a mandate.
2. They tried to keep Jews from being smuggled across Mediterranean Sea and sent those caught to Cyprus island.
3. Saw this as a public relations disaster with Jews in cyprus camps, so turned Palestine over to UN.

Front 27

Why did Jews resist England in Palestine?

Back 27

1. Had the Zionist dream, didn't want anyone stopping them.
2. Radicals like Stern gang and Hagnnah would use terrorist actions like boming King James hotel holding many English officials.

Front 28

What were the Irgun and the Stern Gang?

Back 28

1. Unofficial militias of Zionism
2. Smuggled Jews into Palenstine
3. Waged war terror against opposition (Arab/England)

Front 29

What was the role of the United Nations in the founding of Israel?

Back 29

1. Divided Palestine into three areas - Jewish/Arab/Neutral
2. When English troops withdraw, state of Israel declares independence.

Front 30

How did the Muslim states of the Middle East respond to the Israel's declaration of Independence?

Back 30

1. War for Independence
- Armies of five Arab countries declare war on Israel and invade, but Jews drive back the Arabs.
2. Some Arabs flee Jewish area, some stay to fight.

Front 31

Why was victory in the 1967 war a cause of long term problems for Israel?

Back 31

1. They ended up with 75 % of Palestine including the neutral area.
2. Many different cultures lived in these areas: Arabs, Christians, Jews.
3. Holy city of Jeruselum coveted by many.

Front 32

Who are the Palestines? Why would the Palestines object to the state of Israel?

Back 32

1. Arab people who wanted Jewish people gone from Israel.
2. It would take away the home of many Arab people in that area.
3. It conflicted with their idea of the Holy Land and the Dome of the Rock.

Front 33

Why is Jerusalem important to Jews, Muslims and Christians?

Back 33

1. Home of the Dome of the Rock - oldest, sacred Muslim mosque.
2. Dream of a Third Temple for the Jews.
3. Christians - Jesus executed here, etc.