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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the essential elements of Celtic-Germanic art? |
Interlace patterns, altered or stylized animals, spiral patterns, square spirals Abstraction-not a direct translation |
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Charlemagne's motto and its connection to works of art or architecture |
Renovatio Romani Imperii Revival of the Roman Empire -Establishes monasteries, encourages literacy and education (Plan for Ideal Monastery) |
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Feudalism and the Bayeux Tapestry |
Feudalism: Peasants work land, give resources to support knights- knights provide for lords Tapestry: shows claim to land, Battle of Hastings |
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The importance of the years 1000 and 1260 |
Year 1000- Predicted world end, prompted intense religious fervor; many sought salvation for their souls Year 1260-New prediction of world end (Joachim of Fiore studies Book of Revelation and finds a "secret code" which reveals 1260 as the world end) |
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The three means by which the religious fervor of the Romanesque period is manifested in society |
Pilgrimages -Didn't want to participate in crusades -Salvation of soul, adventure, discover meaning -Give away worldly belongings -Consult book of Liber Santi Jacobi-Book of James -Venerate relics -Sites: Santiago de Compostela, St. Sernin Crusades -Pope Leo claimed that participation in crusades would allow your soul to achieve salvation Religious visions -Hildegarde of Bingen, Book of Visions
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Furtasacra |
Sacred kidnapping of relics
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Relics |
Piece of a holy person (body, clothing)
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Relicquary |
Box/containers of a relic |
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The essential features of Romanesque pilgrimage church design and theme of its tympanum sculpture
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Solid masonry walls Round arches Vaults Less light Lengthened naves Wider side aisles (Features of St. Sernin) Tympanum: Last Judgment, Autun, France -Intimidating, heaven/hell souls being weighed Tympanum: La Madeleine, Vezelay, France -Jesus tells apostles to spread mission/Christianize |
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The inter relationship between Gothic dualism, scholasticism, and the art/architecture of the age
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Gothic dualism: sacred/secular (stained glass windows in Chartres Cathedral; in aisles, find townspeople in stained glass (secular) higher above you find sacred images of Mary and Jesus
Scholasticism: Aristotle, rationality is the path to truth and direct experience of the world is the path to truth - St. Thomas Aquinas rationalizes faith by answering questions rationally |
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The essential features of Gothic church design (connection to light) along with its 'inventor' |
St. Denis (Patron Saint of France) -Church to be bigger and filled with light -Pointed arch and flying buttress are new technology -Gothic cathedrals become more open than Romanesque to allow light in |
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The features of Giotto's work which indicates growing naturalism
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Painting as a window: hold up frame, paint within it as looking through a window 3D art Figure's backs are turned to us
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The connection between art and Dante's "Divine Comedy" |
Virgil: Reason Beatrice: Spiritual development --Both necessary to find God Light: Mary |
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Chant is... |
Monophonic and either syllabic or melismatic
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Organum is... |
Polyphonic and either parallel or melismatic |
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Background on the aids for writing and learning music associated with monks Odo of Cluny and Guido of Arrezo |
Odo of Cluny: Use of letters A-G to indicate pitches in the Western scale Guido of Arezzo: Development of the lines for writing music, called the staff -Guidonian hand: use knuckles to represent pitches |
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Parallel |
Melodies move together in a parallel motion
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Characteristics of the Gothic era and their relation to the music |
-Gothic dualism: opposite ideas combine as one (sacred/secular, no division in the church and state) -Emphasis on verticality -Veneration of the Virgin Mary -Courtly love: choose unattainable woman to perform all your deeds for, dedicate life to
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Characteristics that distinguish the goliards, troubadours, and jongleurs |
Goliards: Traveling scholars Troubadours: Associated with the castle and feudalism (2nd born in noble line), songs of courtly love, entertainers of court Jongleurs: Traveling entertainers, the Song of Roland - song of deeds |
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Leonin and Perotin |
Leonin-Magnus Liber Organi Perotin-Triplum, quadruplum
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Cantus firmus/tenor and the motet |
Cantus firmus/tenor: fixed song, foundation for polyphony Motet: polytextual
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Laude and Cantigas: background and the message? |
Laude: songs of priase associated with St. Francis Cantigas: songs of miracles associated with the blessed Virgin Mary
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Background and message of Sumer is Icumen In |
Ostenato-repeats constantly A round Gothic dualism: black ink (secular), red ink (sacred) |
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Machaut and his composition Puis qu'en oubli |
A song of regret
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Background of Liturgical Drama and Quem Qauritis |
-The re-emergence of drama in the west leads to Shakespeare -Quem Quaritis: "Whom do you seek?" -Miracle, mystery, and morality plays -Hildegarde of Bingen: The Play of Virtues
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Vernacular |
Common language
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Allegory |
Story in which the characters, settings, and actions are symbolic
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Contrapasso |
Punishment reflects the sin/crime; resembling or contrasting with sin itself (e.g. Paolo and Francesca) -poetic justice
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Taxonomy |
Classification of something |
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Scadenfreude |
"Harm joy" taking joy/pleasure in the misery of others |
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Liminality |
The space between two opposing binaries |
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Structure of "The Inferno" |
9 circles of Hell Vestibule: The uncommitted Circle 1: Limbo, Virtuous pagans Circle 2: Lust (Surburban Hell)--Pleasure Circle 3: Gluttony (Suburban Hell)--Pleasure Circle 4: Avarice (Suburban Hell) --Pleasure Circle 5: Wrath (Suburban Hell)--Pleasure City of Dis- The Rebels Circle 6: Heresy Circle 7: Violence Circle 8: Fraud Circle 9: Betrayal
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The Inferno is written in the vernacular, which is what language? |
Italian |
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Epic features? |
-Starts in media res -Call to adventure-Dante's pilgrimage -Helpers: Virgil (guide), Beatrice (benefactor) -Crossing the threshold, going form the natural world into the spiritual world -Tests: Dante's tests come in facing the variety of sins in each circle of hell
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Significance of the Trinity (use of number 3) |
Trinity: Father, Son, Holy Spirit 3 lined Stanzas 3 mouths of Lucifer 9=Square of trinity (9 + 1 [unity with God] = 10 [perfection])
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The Inferno begins and ends on...? |
Begins on Good Friday, ends on Easter Sunday |
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Who are the great human betrayers? |
Judas, Cassius, and Brutus |
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Who is the worst betrayer of all? |
Satan |
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Seven Deadly Sins? |
Lust, Gluttony, Sloth, Greed (Upper Hell) Wrath, Envy, Pride (Lower Hell)
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What is the highest good without God? |
Human reason |
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Story of Paolo and Francesca and why Dante identifies with them |
Lovers on earth, tormented together in hell - Read literature together (affair) -Dante identifies with them because of his love for Beatrice |
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Catharsis |
Release of feeling
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The City of Dis- Why a fortress? |
Fortress, not a prison: A fortress will keep people out -Keep God out -Committed to selfishness, radical independence from God |
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Hierarchy of medieval society |
Clergy/Knights and nobility/Peasants
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Addiction v. proportionate desire |
God creates all things, so all things are good (Godly paradox)
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Dante's defining commitment |
God: in order to be granted salvation |
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Story of Pope Nicolas III |
-Strong condemnation of clergy sins -Most sinful is using position of clergy to gain power -Wherever there are humans, there is corruption (p. 155)
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Story of Ulysses in hell
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Ulysses- Pagan "Evil" Counselor -Shows subjective nature of hell -Ulysses tells his story of adventure (214) --Symbolizes adventure, lust for experience |
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Constant struggle between total condemnation and pity |
p. 155, 161 Virgil: it's arrogant to questions God's judment |
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Story of Monk Guido |
Christian "Evil" Counselor -The evil of corrupt clergy, demonstrated again (221) -Inability to escape judgment, no matter what the pope says (222) |
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Dante's temptation to be an adventurer and gain knowledge |
Pilgrimage of the self- not the spirit --self interest is a sin -Dante believes Ulysses's defining commitment is "experience" (214) The curse of intelligence |
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Why is betrayal the worst sin? |
Loyalty: it shows what you are committed to -Community: make order of out chaos, betrayal creates chaos -Loyalty is often a choice -Loyal to self or God? |
