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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Functions of Religion
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Social Cohesion
Social Control Meaning to the Mundane Psychological Support Prophetic Function |
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Epistemology
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Asking wisdom questions about knowledge
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Empiricism
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Understanding through the senses
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Rationalism
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Understanding with reason; independent of the senses.
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Skepticism
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We can't ever know anything.
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Socratic Method
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answering a question with more questions
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Theory of the Forms
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Plato has a theory where everything is composed of forms, either lower forms and upper forms. These forms describe objects and cannot stand alone.
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Analogy of the Divided Line
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Similarly to Allegory of the Cave, Plato separates the Upper Realm (unchanging) from the Lower Realm (changing).
A person's journey to enlightenment begins at ignorance, then moves to illusion, belief, reason, pure thought, and then finally enlightenment. |
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A priori/innate knowledge
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Plato theorized that we were born with all of the forms, and learning is only recollecting innate knowledge.
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The Evil Demon
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Descartes's First Meditation theorized an evil demon that controls everyone's soul and deceives us from reality.
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Wax theories
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if an empiricist were to look at wax melted, he would not know that that was a candle.
if a rationalist saw the wax, they'd reason that the candle melted. A skepticist could never be sure whether a candle ever existed. |
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Descartes First Meditation
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We cannot trust our senses; they often deceive us (dreams)
We only understand/think about what we know |
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Descartes Second Meditation
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I think, therefore I am.
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Cognitive Dissonance
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hearing different opposing things from all over. one must use his/her own rationale to decide, statistics, and religion.
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Ethics
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A branch of philosophy that studies right and wrong, good and evil.
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Absolutism
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Things are either right or wrong; there is no room for interpretation.
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Moral Relativism
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What's right and wrong depends on the given situation
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Consequentialist Theories
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Dependent of the consequences
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Non-consequentialist Theories
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Independent of the consequences
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Egoism
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consequentialist theory; what has the most personal gain/benefit
Hedonism: materialism Asceticism: loss of all material pleasures |
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Utilitarianism
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consequentialist theory that takes into account the greatest # of people and the largest amount of gain
Act Utilitarian: Doing something once, to benefit the greatest number of people Rule Utilitarian: A rule that benefits the greatest amount of people to be enacted at all times |
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Categorical Imperative
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Non consequentialist theory: Immanuel Kant thinks that a rule should be made for every single circumstance
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Duty Theory
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Non consequentialist theory: Ross imposed 6 duties must be weighed--6th is above all
1) Fidelity 2) Gratitude 3) Justice 4) Beneficence 5) Self-improvement 6) Non maleficence |
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Metaphysics
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philosophy of questioning the nature of reality
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