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123 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Hunter-Gatherer
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Who: People in the Paleolithic ("old stone") who hunted and gathered their food to survive. moved often Where: all people before 11,000 BCE (when) in the Eurasia area today Significance: farmers developed from this group of people
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neolithic
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what: new stone era Why: after 11,000 BCE- development brought about by changes in the climate, which led to the development of managed food production, which in turn fostered settlements that could trade with one another
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myth
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What: a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature.
Why: an early form of history |
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animism
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What: the belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls.
Why: alive and like you; Egyptian beliefs |
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Sumer
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What: society When:around 4000 BCE Where:area of the fertile crescent (Urek, Ur, Lagashm Eridum and kish), southern mesopotamia Significance:common language and religion, 2900 BC priests replaced by battle(military leadership)
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Mesopotamia
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What: the land between the rivers When: 5900 BCE (first settled) Where: between the tigris and euphrates Significance:good area to grow crops, first urban society was sumer
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Cuneiform
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What: When: Where: Significance:
An early writing system that began to develop in mesopotamia in the fourth millennium BCE. By 3100 BCE its distinctive markings were impressed on clay tablets using a wedge-shaped stylus. |
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Sargon I
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Who: The akkadian ruler who consolidated power in mesopotamia. When: 2334-2279 BCE Where: Sumer and Akkad Significance:taxes, merged religions, prestess daughters of kings
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Assyria
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Who: A Semetic-speaking people that moved into northern mesopotamia around 2400 BCE.
When: 1900 BC Where: Anatolia and mesopotamia Significance: did not gain dominance over region, integrated into it |
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Babylonia
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What: When: Where: Significance:
An ancient city between the tigris and euphrates rivers, which became the capital of Hammurabi's empire in the 18th century BCE and continued to be an important administrative and commercial capital under many subsequent imperial powers, including the Neo-Assyrians, Chaldeans |
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Code of Hammurabi
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What:mitigation laws when: 1792 BCEWhere: Babylon Significance:structure and values of Babylonian society: interest of avoiding chaos, address every possible thing than can happen
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Old Kingdom
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What: When:2686-2160 BCE Where: Egypt Significance: During this time, the pharaohs controlled a powerful and centralized bureaucratic state whose vast human and material resources are exemplified by the pyramids of Giza. This period came to an end as the pharaoh's authority collapsed, leading to a period of dynastic warfare and localized rule.
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Pyramids
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What:When: Where: Significance:
constructed during the 3rd millennium BCE, these structures were monuments to the power and divinity of the pharaohs entombed inside them |
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Stonehenge
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Who: Where: Significance:
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Hyksos
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Who: a group of people "rulers of foreign lands" When:1700 BCE Where: Egypt Significance:they brought chariots to Egypt
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Hymn to Aten
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What: hieroglyph representing the sun's rays, hymn to, aten is the symbol for Ra- the sun god When: 1352-1336BCE
Where: Egypt Significance: the aten is depicted as a sun disk, raining down power on the royal family |
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Akhenaten
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Who: pharaoh of egypt when: 1352-1336 BCE Where:Egypt Significance:showed an early inclination towards the worship of the sun, his name was originally amenhotep IV, his name means he who is profitable to the aten
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Mycenae
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What: the home of the legendary king agamemnon, When: 776BCE Where: Greece Significance: an important and integrated part of the mediterranean world during the secondary millennium BCE (Iliad)
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Minoan Crete
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What: civilization When:started 2500 BCE Where:Crete Significance:The minoans controlled shipping around the mediterranean and aegean
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Greek Dark Age
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What: When: Where: Significance:
Homeric Age (ca. 1200 BC–800 BC) are terms which have regularly been used to refer to the period of Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean Palatial civilization around 1200 BC, to the first signs of the Greek polis |
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gentiles
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Who: non-Jewish people When: around 1,000 BCE Where: the Hebrew Kingdom Significance: the Jewish people were captured and influenced by the gentiles
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Thucydides
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Who:Athenian historian When: fifth century BCE Where: wrote about Crete Significance: wrote that King Minos of Crete had ruled a thalassocracy, an empire of the sea
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canonical
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What: canon is a rule (the standard) When: around 1,000 BCE Where: the Levant Significance: the Hebrew law that they followed
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Heinrich Schliemann
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Who: an archeologist When: 1822-1890 BCE Where: Mycenea Significance: he used Homer's poems to discover historical things, he found the set of Ilium and identified powerful citadels including the home of agamemnon- become convinced that Homer's myths were true
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Michael Ventris
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Who: had linguistic expertise from WW2 When: early 1950s Where:Englishman Significance:diciphered mycenean script with John Chadwick; able to crack the codes and see the relationship between them and could see that minoan commercial activity engaged the mainland of greece
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Troy
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What: a town in Greece When:776 BCE Where Greece: Significance:the site of Ilium; during Homer's time period
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Phoenicians
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Who: also known as the canaanites when: 1200 BCE, late bronze age Where: Byblos, Phoencia Significance:merchants and seafares, circumnavigated africa; most important CONTRIBUTION IS THE ALAPHABET(1100 BCE)= simplified alphabet that made it easier to trade and keep accounts
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Canaan
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What: place When: around 1000 BCE Where: levant Significance: area that lots of people inhabited, David wanted to build Jerusalem (canaanite settlement) as the capital of his realm
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Sarah and Abraham
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Deborah
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Judges
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laws of mitigation
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apodictic laws
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Nebuchadnezzar
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Jerusalem
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Septuagint
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Voice from the Whirlwind
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Babylonian Exile of Captivity
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Passover
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Moses
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Cyrus the Great
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Second Temple
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Biblia
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polis
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Sisera
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Solomon
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Hebrew Prophets
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Israel
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Judah
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metaphor
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Marathon
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Thermophlae
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Delian League
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Dionysus
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Xerxes
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Ark of the Covenant
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David
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Solon
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kouros
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Pericles
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Peloponnesian War
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Alcibiades
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Parthenon
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Miletus
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Thales
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Heraclitus
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Pythagoras
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Sophists
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Socrates
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Plato
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Aristotle
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Aeschylus
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Sophocles
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Euripides
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Herodotus
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Lydia
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Ionian Greece
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Zoroastrianism
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Ahura Mazda
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Patroclus
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Hoplite
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Sparta
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phalanx
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Who: Where: Significance:
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Where and how did the birth of civilization occur?
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mesopotamia, stone age, africa- stone: neanderthals,hunter-gathers paleolithic and neolithic, farmed and settled down
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Contrast the religious vies of the ancient Egyptians with those of the ancient Mesopotamians.
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Egyptians- many gods ; circular relationships, worshiped natural things; pharoah=god, never good enough for the Egyptian gods, Nile
everyone else: linear, one god, moral rules |
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Distinguish Hebrew religion from other religions of the ancient Near East.
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one God versus multi-gods,
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What were the defining features of the Greek city-state, its strengths and weaknesses?
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polis: relying less on gods and more on self,
made decisions about war & peace, made law, and enfored -trial and jury -dramatic growth of population -athens, sparta, and miletus -ruled by people -no strong leader |
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Discuss the contributions of the pre-Socratic philosophers.
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Pythagoras: quantity, numbers- don't rock the boat, math and musical theory, unity and harmony, constantly questioning the framework
sophists- teachers "wisemen", sell their knowledge protagoras- mean is the measure of all things, rejected Truth, no absolute standard of right and wrong |
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How does Greek literature reflect Greek philosophy?
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write about their beliefs
socrates: everyone know the truth, you just have to get it out of them plato: absolute Truths, aristotle: evolution -dramas- addressed socrates and his ideas -justice -achilles asked these Q's |
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Mesopotamia
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on map
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Fertile Crescent
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on map
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Levant
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on map
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Euphrates River
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on map
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Tigris River
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on map
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Sinai
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on map
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Egypt
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on map
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Saudi Arabia
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on map
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Red Sea
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on map
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Nile River
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on map
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Jerusalem
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on map
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Persian Gulf
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on map
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Israel
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on map
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Judah
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on map
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Black Sea
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on map
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Iraq
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on map
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Mediterranean Sea
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on map
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Crete
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on map
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Athens
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on map
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Asia Minor
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on map
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Corsica
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on map
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Sardinia
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on map
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Sicily
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on map
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Cyprus
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on map
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Sparta
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on map
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Hellespont
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on map
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Macedonia
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on map
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Aegean Sea
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on map
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Troy
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on map
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Peloponnesian Penninsula
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on map
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Libya
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on map
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Lebanon
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on map
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Syria
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on map
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Sea of Marmora
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on map
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Judah
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What: country When: split in 930 BCE Where: the Levant, south of Israel Significance: it was an economic split, the north had more money(Israel)
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