Human.body.in.health.and.illness.chpt2

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

Is the study of matter.

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

Is anything that occupies space and has weight.

Front 3

Element

Back 3

Is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions.

Front 4

Atom

Back 4

Is the smallest unit of an element with that element's chemical characteristics. It is the basic unit of matter.

Front 5

Protons

Back 5

Carry a Positive (+) electrical charge.

Front 6

Neutrons

Back 6

Carry no electrical charge.

Front 7

Electrons

Back 7

Carry a negative (-) electrical charge.

Front 8

Atomic Number

Back 8

Is the number of protons in a nucleus.

Front 9

Atomic Weight

Back 9

Of an atom is determine by adding the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Front 10

Isotope

Back 10

Is a different fomr of the same atom.

Front 11

Radioisotopes

Back 11

Unstable isotopes.

Front 12

Radioactivity

Back 12

The process of spontaneous breakdown (decay) is called radioactivity.

Front 13

Chemical Bond

Back 13

The electrical attraction between atoms.

Front 14

Ionic Bond

Back 14

Is caused by a transfer of electrons between atoms.

Front 15

Covalent Bond

Back 15

Covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons by the outer shells of the atoms.

Front 16

Organic Chemistry

Back 16

The study of carbon-containing substances.

Front 17

Inorganic Chemistry

Back 17

Studies non-carbon-containing substances.

Front 18

Hydrogen Bond

Back 18

It differs from the ionic and covalent bonds in that the hydrogen bond is not caused by either transfer or the sharing of electrons of the outer shells of atoms.

Front 19

Polar Molecule

Back 19

Is defined as a molecule that has a lopsided charge: a (+) end and a (-) end.

Front 20

Ions

Back 20

Elements that carry an electrical charge.

Front 21

Cation

Back 21

If the ion is positively charged, it is a cation.

Front 22

Anion

Back 22

Negatively (-) charged ion.

Front 23

Sodium

Back 23

Na+

Front 24

Calcium

Back 24

Ca2+

Front 25

Iron

Back 25

Fe2+

Front 26

Hydrogen

Back 26

H+

Front 27

Potassium

Back 27

K+

Front 28

Ammonium

Back 28

NH+/4

Front 29

Chloride

Back 29

CI-

Front 30

Bicarbonate

Back 30

BCO-/3

Front 31

Phosphate

Back 31

PO3/4-

Front 32

Molecule

Back 32

When two or more atoms bond together, they form a molecule.

Front 33

Compound

Back 33

A substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms.

Front 34

Water as the universal solvent

Back 34

Water is called the universal solvent because most substances dissolve in water.

Front 35

Water as temperature regulator

Back 35

Water has theability to absorb large amounts of heat without the temperature of the water itself increasing dramatically.

Front 36

Water as an ideal lubricant

Back 36

Water is a major component of mucus and other lubricating fluids.

Front 37

Water in chemical reactions

Back 37

Water often plays a crucial role in chemical reactions.

Front 38

Water as a protective device

Back 38

Water may also be used to protect an important structure.

Front 39

Oxygen

Back 39

Oxygen (02), a molecule composed of two oxygen atoms, exists in nature as a gas.

Front 40

Carbon Dioxide

Back 40

Carbon dioxide (CO2), is a compound that consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. (di - means "two")

Front 41

Chemical Reaction

Back 41

Is a process wherey the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations.

Front 42

Catalysts

Back 42

Speed up the rate of chemical reaction.

Front 43

Enzymes

Back 43

When proteins perform the role of catalysts.

Front 44

Acid

Back 44

Is an electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion.

Front 45

Strong Acid

Back 45

Dissociates completely into H+ and an anion.