Human Sexuality -Chapter 4

Front 1

Correlational Sex Research

Back 1

Data collected for purpose of measuring association of sex-related events.

Front 2

Experimental Sex Research

Back 2

Data collection for the purpose of demonstrating the causal relationship of a variable that the experimenter puts into a situations and a measured outcome.

Front 3

Genital Self-Image

Back 3

Attitudes and feelings towards our own genitals.

Front 4

Vulva

Back 4

Female genitalia, Collective term for female external genitals

Front 5

Clitoris

Back 5

Small, highly sensitive sexual organ in female found in front of vaginal entrance. Consists of:
-the tip (externally in front of vaginal & urethral opening)
- shaft (two corpora cavernosa spongy bodies that extend about an inch into the body).
- two crura (longer spongy bodies deep in body from top of clitoris to either side of vagina under major lips.

Front 6

Mons Pubis

Back 6

Female genitalia, Fatty pad of tissue under the pubis hair, lies on top of pubic bones.

Front 7

Outer Lips

Back 7

Female genitalia, Rounded pads of fatty tissue lying on either side of vaginal entrance.

Front 8

Inner Lips

Back 8

Female genitalia, Two hairless folds of skin lying between outer lips and running right along edge of vaginal opening. Extend forward and come together in the front forming the clitoral hood.

Front 9

Bartholin Glands

Back 9

Female genitalia, Two tiny glands located on either side of the vaginal entrance.

Front 10

Fourchette

Back 10

Female genitalia, Place where inner lips come together behind vaginal opening.

Front 11

Perineum

Back 11

Female genitalia, Skin between the vaginal entrance and the anus.

Front 12

Introitus

Back 12

Female genitalia, Vaginal Entrance

Front 13

Vulvar Vestibule

Back 13

Female genitalia, Area of vulva enclosed by lips, highly sensitive.

Front 14

Hymen

Back 14

Thin membrane that may partially cover vaginal entrance

Front 15

Vagina

Back 15

Tube shaped organ into which the penis is inserted during sex and through which a baby passes during birth. At bottom ends in vaginal opening, at top connects with cervix.

Front 16

Three Layers in Walls of Vagina

Back 16

1. Inner Layer: vaginal mucosa, mucous membrane similar to lining of mouth.
2. Middle Layer: Muscular
3. Outer Layer: Forms of covering

Front 17

Pubococcygeus Muscle

Back 17

Female genitalia, Muscle around the vaginal entrance.

Front 18

Vestibular Bulbs

Back 18

Female genitalia, Erectile tissue running under inner lips and Skene's gland. Either side of vaginal wall, near entrance, under inner lips.

Front 19

Skene's Glands

Back 19

Female genitalia, Female prostate. Between urethra wall of vagina, ducts empty into urethra. Secretes fluid similar to male prostate fluid. Known as G-spot.

Front 20

Uterus

Back 20

Where the fetus develops, narrow lower third is the cervix, the top is the fundus and the main part is the body.

Front 21

Three Layers of Uterus

Back 21

1. Inner Layer: endometrium, glands and blood vessels. State varies according to age and phase of menstrual cycle.
2. Middle Layer: myometrium, muscular, very strong, creates powerful contractions of labour and orgasm. Highly elastic.
3. Outer Layer: perimetrium, external cover of uterus.

Front 22

Fallopian Tubes

Back 22

Female genitalia, tubes extending from uterus to the ovaries, lined with cilia, pathway which egg travels toward uterus and sperm reaches egg.

Front 23

Infundibulum

Back 23

Female genitalia, Part of fallopian tubes closest to ovary, where fertilization occurs.

Front 24

Ovaries

Back 24

Two organs that produce eggs and sex hormones, on either side of uterus, contains follicles and capsules that surround eggs. Starting at puberty one or several follicles mature during each menstrual cycle. When matured, follicle bursts open and releases egg.

Front 25

Breasts

Back 25

Contains cluster of mammary glands, each have a separate opening at the nipple.

Front 26

Vulvar Vestibulitis

Back 26

Female genitalia, Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse), generally occurs in pre-menopausal women, problems with lubrication.

Front 27

Vaginismus

Back 27

Female genitalia, Circumvaginal spasm, spasm during any type of penetration.

Front 28

Vulvar Vestibulitis

Back 28

Female genitalia, Pain on vestibular touch, tenderness to vestibular pressure, inflammation of vestibule or vulva. Common cause of dyspareunia.

Front 29

Cervix and Cervical Cancer

Back 29

Due to HPC oncogenic strains, papa tests should be done once a year to monitor.

Front 30

Penis

Back 30

Male external sexual organ which functions both in sexual activity and urination.

Front 31

Glans

Back 31

Part of penis, tubular organ with a tip

Front 32

Shaft

Back 32

Main part of penis

Front 33

Coronal Ridge

Back 33

Male genitalia, Raised ridge at the end of the glans. This and glans are most sexually excitable.

Front 34

Corpora Cavernosa

Back 34

Male genitalia, Internal part of penis, two spongy bodies lying at the top.

Front 35

Corpus Spongiosum

Back 35

Male genitalia, Single spongy body lying at the bottom of the penis, urethra runs through the middle of it. Seen during erection as raised column on lower side of penis.

Front 36

Foreskin

Back 36

Male genitalia, Additional layer of skin that forms a sheath like covering over the glans. May be present of not depending on whether the male has been circumcised.

Front 37

Smegma

Back 37

Male genitalia, Small glands underneath foreskin produce this substance.

Front 38

Supercision

Back 38

Form of male genital cutting, slit is made at the length of the foreskin on top.

Front 39

Subincision

Back 39

Form of male genital cutting in which i slit is made on the lower side of the penis along it's entire length.

Front 40

Scrotum

Back 40

Male genitalia, Pouch of skin that contains the testes.

Front 41

Testes

Back 41

Male Genitalia, Reproductive glands which are analogous to the female's ovaries, make sperm and testosterone. Left one usually hangs lower, both are about the same size. Can move closer or further from body depending on temperature.

Front 42

Seminiferous Tubes

Back 42

Male genitalia, Manufacturing and storing of sperm, threadlike tubes in testes.

Front 43

Interstitial Cells

Back 43

Male genitalia, Production of testosterone, in connective tissue lying between seminiferous tubes. Close of blood vessels , pour hormones directly into blood vessels.

Front 44

Sperm

Back 44

Male reproductive cell, head, neck, mid piece and tail.

Front 45

Epididymis

Back 45

Part of male genitalia, highly coiled tube located at edge of testis where sperm mature. During ejaculation, sperms goes from epididymis to vas deferens.

Front 46

Vas Deferens

Back 46

Part of penis, tube through which sperm pass on their way from the testes and epididymis, out of scrotum, and to the urethra.

Front 47

Ejaculatory Duct

Back 47

Part of penis, opens to urethra

Front 48

Seminal Vesicles

Back 48

Male genitalia, two saclike structures that lie above prostate, behind the bladder and in front of the rectum, produce 70% of seminal fluid, remaining 30% produced by prostate. combine with sperm in ejaculatory duct.

Front 49

Prostate

Back 49

Male genitalia, lies below the bladder, muscluar and glandular tissue, secretes milky alkaline fluid part of ejaculate.

Front 50

Cowper's Glands

Back 50

Located just below the prostate and empty into urethra, during sexual arousal these glands secrete small amount of clear alkaline fluid before ejaculation. Alkaline to neutralize acidic urethra.

Front 51

Breast Cancer

Back 51

Most frequently diagnose cancer in Canadian women. Identified two breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Front 52

Three Kinds of Breast Lumps

Back 52

1. Cysts
2. Fibroadenomas
3. Malignant Tumors

Front 53

Mammography

Back 53

X-ray of breast

Front 54

Radical Mastectomy

Back 54

Entire breast and underlying pectoral muscle and lymph nodes removed.

Front 55

Lumpectomy

Back 55

Only the lump and a small bit of surrounding tissue is removed.

Front 56

Most Cervical Cancer Caused by...

Back 56

95% of cases caused by HPV.

Front 57

Cryotherapy

Back 57

Non-surgical method using extreme cold to destroy abnormal cells.

Front 58

Cone Biopsy

Back 58

Segment of the cervix is removed, leaving mostly intact.

Front 59

Hysterectomy

Back 59

Surgical removal of the uterus, for advanced cervical and endometrial cancer.

Front 60

Oophorectomy

Back 60

Surgical removal of ovaries, for ovarian cancer, accompanied by hysterectomy.

Front 61

Prostate Cancer

Back 61

Most common form of cancer among Canadian men.

Front 62

Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Back 62

Typically used for advanced prostate cancer.

Front 63

Testicular Cancer

Back 63

Cause not known, usually in young men. Final diagnosis involves surgical removal of the entire testis.

Front 64

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Back 64

Ageing, difficulty emptying bladder, drugs to facillitate flow of urine.

Front 65

Circumcision

Back 65

Removal of foreskin, ritual purposes, 50-60% reduction in HIV infection in men. Reduces HPV infection.