Human Sexuality Chapter 1

Front 1

fellatio

Back 1

oral contact with the penis

Front 2

cunnilingus

Back 2

oral contact with the female genitals

Front 3

coitus

Back 3

sexual intercourse

Front 4

hymen

Back 4

fold of tissue across the vaginal opening present at birth and remains partially intact until coitus

Front 5

human sexuality

Back 5

the ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings

Front 6

legalism

Back 6

"ethical behavior is derived from an external source, such as a religion"

Front 7

situational ethics

Back 7

"ethical decision making should be guided by the situation and by genuine love for others"

Front 8

ethical relativism

Back 8

"there is no objective way of justifying one set of moral values over another"

Front 9

hedonism

Back 9

"pursuit of pleasure is the guide"

Front 10

asceticism

Back 10

"one denies sexual desires to devote oneself to spiritual pursuits"

Front 11

utilitarianism

Back 11

"moral conduct brings about the greatest good for the greatest number"

Front 12

rationalism

Back 12

"sexual decisions should be based on intellect and reason, not blind obedience"

Front 13

critical thinking

Back 13

scrutinizing definitions of terms and evaluating the premises of arguments and their logic

Front 14

critical thinkers

Back 14

-maintain open minds
-suspend beliefs until they have obtained and evaluated evidence

Front 15

gender

Back 15

the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex

Front 16

gender roles

Back 16

complex clusters of ways in which males and females are expected to behave within a given culture

Front 17

values

Back 17

the qualities in life that are deemed important or unimportant, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.

Front 18

example of legalism

Back 18

"The Old Testament contains prohibitions against adultery, incest, sexual activity with people of one's own gender, and bestiality."

Front 19

example of situational ethics

Back 19

"A woman who has been taught that abortion is the taking of a human life may find herself with limited resources and decide in favor of abortion."

Front 20

example of relativism

Back 20

"Cohabitation is tolerated in some cultures but considered immoral in others."

Front 21

example of hedonism

Back 21

"Hedonists might argue that sexual desires, like hunger or thirst, do not involve moral considerations."

Front 22

example of asceticism

Back 22

"Many ascetics in Western and Eastern religions seek to transcend physical and worldly desires."

Front 23

example of utilitarianism

Back 23

"We should be honest and just because it serves the greater good for people to be true to their word and treat each other justly."

Front 24

example of rationalism

Back 24

"The rationalist might decide that the personal consequences of continuing an unhappy marriage outweigh the effects on the family or the community at large."

Front 25

phallic worship

Back 25

worship of the penis as a symbol of generative power

Front 26

phallic symbol

Back 26

an image of the penis

Front 27

incest taboo

Back 27

the prohibition against intercourse and reproduction among close blood relatives

Front 28

bisexual

Back 28

sexually responsive to either gender

Front 29

pederasty

Back 29

sexual love of boys

Front 30

courtesan

Back 30

a prostitute--especially the mistress of a noble or wealthy man

Front 31

concubine

Back 31

a secondary wife, usually of inferior legal and social status

Front 32

bestiality

Back 32

sexual relations between a person and an animal

Front 33

sadism

Back 33

the practice of achieving sexual gratification through hurting or humiliating others

Front 34

fornication

Back 34

sexual intercourse between two people are not married to one another

Front 35

evolution

Back 35

the development of a species to its present state, which is believed to involve adaptations to its environment

Front 36

biological perspective of human sexuality

Back 36

focuses on the roles of genes, hormones, the nervous system, and other biological factors in human sexuality

Front 37

historical perspective

Back 37

-places sexual behavior and attitudes in context
-allows consideration of trends in sexual behaviors and attitudes

Front 38

mutation

Back 38

a random change in the molecular structure of DNA

Front 39

genes

Back 39

the basic units of heredity, which consist of chromosomal segments of DNA

Front 40

chromosomes

Back 40

the rodlike structures that reside in the nuclei of every living cell and carry the genetic code in the form of genes

Front 41

DNA

Back 41

the chemical substance whose molecules make up genes and chromosomes

Front 42

natural selection

Back 42

the evolutionary process by which adaptive traits enable members of a species to survive to reproductive age and transmit those traits to future generations

Front 43

psychoanalysis

Back 43

the theory of personality originated by Freud, which proposes that human behavior represents the outcome of clashing inner forces

Front 44

defense mechanisms

Back 44

in psychoanalytic theory, automatic processes that protect the ego from anxiety by disguising or ejecting unacceptable ideas and urges

Front 45

repression

Back 45

the automatic ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conciousness

Front 46

erogenous zones

Back 46

parts of the body, including but not limited to the sex organs, that are responsive to sexual stimulation

Front 47

psychosexual development

Back 47

in psychoanalytic theory, the process by which sexual feelings shift from one erogenous zone to another

Front 48

oedipus complex

Back 48

in psychoanalytic theory, a conflict of the phallic stage in which the boy wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love

Front 49

behaviorists

Back 49

learning theorists who argue that a scientific approach to understanding behavior must refer only to observable and measurable behaviors

Front 50

social-cognitive theory

Back 50

a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning, values, and expectations play key roles in determining behavior

Front 51

feminist theory

Back 51

a theory that challenges acceptance of the male as the norm, traditional gender roles, and male oppression of females

Front 52

***** theory

Back 52

a theory that challenges heteronormativity and heterosexism

Front 53

homophobia

Back 53

hatred of homosexuals

Front 54

historical perspective

Back 54

-perspective that places sexual behavior and attitudes in context
-allows consideration of trends in sexual behaviors and attitudes

Front 55

prehistoric sexuality

Back 55

historical perspective that:
-female idolatry
-phallic worship
-phallic symbols
-incest taboo

Front 56

ancient hebrews

Back 56

historical perspective that:
-emphasized procreative function of sex
-polygamy
-sex strengthened marriage and solidified family
-women considered property of men

Front 57

ancient greeks

Back 57

historical perspective that:
-gods viewed as sexually adventurous
-male-male sex was considered normal as long as it did not interfere with the family
-pederasty
-prostitution was very popular
-courtesans and concubines
-women held low social status

Front 58

ancient romans

Back 58

historical perspective that:
-elite practiced sexual excesses, such as orgies, bestiality, and sadism
-sexual terms that still exist today: fellatio, cunnilingus, fornication

Front 59

early christians

Back 59

historical perspective that:
-temptations of flesh distractions from spiritual devotion
-sex was restricted to marriage
-divorce, masturbation, prostitution, same-sex relations, oral-genital contact, and anal intercourse were outlawed

Front 60

islam

Back 60

historical perspective that:
-values marriage and sexual fulfillment in marriage only
-only men can have more than one spouse
-social interactions between men and women restricted

Front 61

indians

Back 61

historical perspective that:
-hinduism views sex as a religious duty
-sexual fulfillment can lead to reincarnation at a higher level
-kama sutra

Front 62

far east

Back 62

historical perspective that:
-Taoism (China)- sex is a form of worship that leads to harmony with nature, as well as imortality

Front 63

middle ages

Back 63

historical perspective that:
-conflicting views of women

Front 64

protestant reformation

Back 64

historical perspective that:
-priests allowed to marry and rear children
-sex not just for procreation

Front 65

coming to america

Back 65

historical perspective that:
-early settlers brought western views
-women's place was in the home and fields

Front 66

victorian era

Back 66

historical perspective that:
-sexuality was repressed
-despite the prohibitions, prostitution was quite common

Front 67

the foundations of the scientific study of sexuality

Back 67

historical perspective that:
-began during the victorian era
-sexologists gained credence

Front 68

sexual revolution

Back 68

historical perspective that:
-mid 60s to mid 70s
-sexual views became more liberal
-discussion and portrayals of sexuality accepted and commonplace