Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Labia Majora |
Two longitudinal folds of skin extending downward and backward from the mons pubis of the female. |
|
|
Labia Minora |
Two small folds of mucous membrane lying within the labia majora of the female. |
|
|
Luteal phase |
Third phase of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation, when the corpus luteum forms. |
|
|
Menarche |
The start of menstrual cycling, usually during early puberty. |
|
|
Menstrual phase |
Final stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the endometrial cells shrink and slough off |
|
|
Menorrhagia |
Excessive menstrual flow |
|
|
Menses |
The blood and tissue discharged from the uterus during menstruation |
|
|
Mons veneris or mons pubis |
The mound of fatty tissue over the female pubic bone, also referred to as the mons pubis, meaning "pubic mound" |
|
|
Myometrium |
The smooth muscle layer of the uterus
|
|
|
Os |
The opening of the cervix that allows passage between the vagina and the uterus |
|
|
Osteoporosis |
An age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures as a result of decreased levels of estrogens |
|
|
Ovarian cysts |
Small, fluid-filled sacs, which can form on the ovary, that do not pose a health threat under most conditions |
|
|
Oviducts |
Another name for the Fallopian tubes |
|
|
Ovulation |
The phase of the menstrual cycle in which an ovum is released |
|
|
Ovulation phase |
The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the ovum is released |
|
|
Ovum |
The female reproductive cell or gamete; plural is ovazz |
|
|
Oxytocin |
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates contraction of both the uterus for delivery of the newborn and the mammary gland ducts for lactation |
|
|
Pap smear |
A microscopic examination of cells scraped from the cervix. Named for its inventor (Papanicolaou) Tests for cervical cancer |
|
|
perimetrium |
the outer wall of the uterus |
|
|
Perineum |
Area between the vagina and the anus |
|
|
PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) |
The most debilitating and severe cases of PMS |
|
|
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) |
A group of physiological and psychological symptoms related to the postovulation phase of the menstrual cycle. |
|
|
Prepuce |
A loose fold of skin that covers the clitoris |
|
|
Prolactin |
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that initiates and maintains milk secretion
|
|
|
Radical mastectomy |
A surgical procedure that involves removal of the breast, its surrounding tissue, the muscles supporting the breast, and underarm lymph notes |
|
|
Speculum |
An instrument for dilating the vagina to examine the cervix and other internal structures |
|
|
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) |
A bacteria-caused illness that can lead to high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat and shock, loss of limbs and death if left untreated |
|
|
Urinary tract infection |
Infection of the urinary tract, often resulting in a frequent urge to urinate, painful burning in the bladder or urethra during urination, and fatigue |
|
|
Uterine fibroids |
A (usually noncancerous) tumor of muscle and connective tissue that develops within, or is attached to, the uterine wall |
|
|
Uterus |
The hollow muscular organ in females that is the site of menstruation, implantation of the fertilized ovum, and labor; also referred to as the womb |
|
|
Vagina |
A thin-walled muscular tube that leads from the uterus to the vestibule and is used for sexual intercourse, a passageway for menstrual fluid |
|
|
Vestibule |
The entire region between the labia minora, including the urethra and introitus |
|
|
Vulva |
The collective designation for the external genitalia of the female, also referred to as the pudendum |
|
|
Vulvodynia |
Chronic vulvar pain and soreness |
|
|
Ampulla |
Base of the vas deferens, where the vas hooks up over the ureter of the bladder |
|
|
Androgen |
The general name for male hormones such as testosterone and androsterone |
|
|
Andropause |
The hormonal changes accompanying old age in men that correspond to menopause in women |
|
|
Anemia |
A condition in which there is a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material of the blood |
|
|
Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
The common enlargement of the prostate that occurs in most men after about age 50 |
|
|
Circumcision |
The surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis |
|
|
Corona |
The ridge of the glans penis |
|
|
Corpora cavernosa |
Plural of corpus cavernosum (cavernous body); areas in the penis (or clitoris) that fill with blood during the errection |
|
|
Corpus spongiosum |
Meaning "spongy body", the erectile tissue in the penis that contains the urethra |
|
|
Cowper's gland |
One of a pair of glands located under the prostate gland on either side of the urethra that secretes a fluid into the urethra; also called a bulbourethral gland |
|
|
Cremaster muscle |
The "suspender" muscle that raises and lowers the scrotum to control scrotal temperature |
|
|
Cryptorchidism |
A condition in which the testes fail to descend into the scrotum |
|
|
Ejaculation |
The reflex ejection or expulsion of semen from the penis |
|
|
Ejaculatory duct |
A tube that transports spermatozoa from the vas deferens to the urethra |
|
|
Epididymis |
A comma-shaped organ that sits atop the testicle and holds sperm during maturation |
|
|
Erection |
The hardening of the penis caused by blood engorging the erectile tissue |
|
|
Erogenous zone |
Any part of the body which, when stimulated, induces a sense of sexual excitement or desire |
|
|
Flagellum |
The tail like end of a spermatozoon that propels it forward |
|
|
Foreskin |
The fold of skin that covers the glands penis; also called the prepuce |
|
|
Frenulum |
Fold of skin on the underside of the penis |
|
|
Glans penis |
The flaring, enlarged region at the end of the penis |
|
|
Inguinal canal |
Canal through which the testes descend into the scrotum |
|
|
Inguinal hernia |
A condition in which the intestines bulge through a hole in the abdominal muscles of the groin |
|
|
Meatus |
The urethral opening at the opening of the penis |
|
|
Osteoporosis |
A disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break |
|
|
Penis |
The male copulatory and urinary organ, used both to urinate and move spermatozoa out of the urethra through ejaculation; it is the major organ of male sexual pleasure and is homologous to the female clitoris |
|
|
Peyronie's disease |
Abnormal calcifications in the penis, which may cause painful curvature, often making sexual intercourse impossible |
|
|
Priapism |
A condition in which erections are long-lasting and often painful |
|
|
Prostate gland |
A doughnut-shaped gland that wraps around the urethra as it comes out of the bladder, contributing fluid to the semen |
|
|
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) |
Blood test that measures levels of molecules that are overproduced by prostate cancer cells, enabling physicians to identify prostate cancer early |
|
|
Scrotum |
External pouch of skin that contains the testicles |
|
|
Semen |
A thick, whitish secretion of the male reproductive organs, containing spermatozoa and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands |
|
|
Seminal vesicles |
The pair of pouch like structures lying next to the urinary bladder that secret a component of semen into the ejaculatory duts |
|
|
Seminiferous tubules |
The tightly coiled ducts located in the testes where spermatozoa are produced |
|
|
Smegma |
The collected products of sweat and oil glands that can accumulate under the foreskin |
|
|
Spermatids |
The cells that make up the final intermediate stage in the production of sperm |
|
|
Spermatocyte |
The intermediate stage in the growth of a spermatozoon |
|
|
Spermatogenesis |
The production of sperm in the testes |
|
|
Spermatogonium |
An immature sperm cell that will develop into a spermatocyte |
|
|
Spermatozoon |
The twisting of a testis on its spermatic cord, which can cause severe pain and swelling |
|
|
Vas deferens |
One of two long tubes that convey the sperm from the testes and in which other fluids are mixed to create semen |
|
|
Amniocentesis |
A procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid in then analyzed to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus or to determine the sex of the fetus |
|
|
Amnion |
A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus |
|
|
Amniotic fluid |
The fluid in the amniotic cavity |
|
|
Anencephaly |
Congenital absence of most of the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Apgar |
Named after Virginia Apgar, M.D., this system assesses the general physical condition of a newborn infant for five criteria: (A) activity/muscle tone, (P) pulse rate, (G) grimace and reflex irritability, (A) appearance/skin color, (R) respiration |
|
|
Artificial insemination |
Artificially introducing sperm into a woman's reproductive tract |
|
|
blastocyst |
The hollow ball of embryonic cells that enter the uterus from the Fallopian tube and eventually implants |
|
|
Braxton-hicks contractions |
Intermittent contractions of the uterus after the third month of pregancy |
|
|
Breech position |
An abnormal and often dangerous birthing position in which the baby's feet, knees, or buttocks emerge before the head |
|
|
Cervical effacement |
The stretching and thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth |
|
|
Colostrums |
A thin, yellowish fluid, high in protein and antibodies, secreted from the nipples at the end of pregnancy and during the first few days after delivery |
|
|
Crowning |
The emergence of a baby's head at the opening of the vagina at birth |
|
|
Dilation |
The expansion of the opening of the cervix in preparation for birth |
|
|
Dizygotic |
Pertaining to or derived from two separate zygotes |
|
|
Down syndrome |
A problem occurring on the 21st chromosome of the developing fetus that can cause mental retardation and physical challenges |
|
|
Eclampsia |
A progression of toxemia with similar, but worsening, conditions |
|
|
Ectopic pregnancy |
The implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus, such as in the Fallopian tubes or abdomen |
|
|
Embryo cyropreservation |
The freezing of embryos for later use |
|
|
Endorphins |
Neurotransmitters, concentrated in the pituitary gland and parts of the brain, that inhibit physical pain. |
|
|
Engagement |
When the fetus moves down toward the birth canal prior to delivery |
|
|
Episiotomy |
A cut made with surgical scissors to avoid tearing of the perineum at the end of the second stage of labor |
|
|
False negative |
Incorrect result of a medical test or procedure that wrongly shows lack of a finding |
|
|
False positive |
Incorrect result of a medical test or procedure that wrongly shows the presence of a finding |
|
|
Female infanticide |
The killing of female infants; practice in some countries that value males more than females |
|
|
Fetal alcohol syndrome |
A disorder involving physical and mental deficiencies, nervous system damage, and facial abnormalities found in the offspring of mothers who consumed large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy |
|
|
Fetal distress |
Condition in which a fetus has an abnormal heart rate or rhythm |
|
|
Fraternal twins |
Two offspring developed from two separate ova fertilized by different spermatozoa |
|
|
Human chorionicgonadotropin |
The hormone that stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy |
|
|
Hysteroscopy |
Visual inspection of the uterine cavity with an endoscope |
|
|
Identical twins |
Two offspring developed from a single zygote that completely divides into two separate, genetically identical zygotes |
|
|
In vitrofertilization (IVF) |
A procedure in which a women's ova are removed from her body, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and then surgically implanted back into her uterus |
|
|
Infertility |
The inability to conceive (or impregnate) |
|
|
Lamaze |
A prepared childbirth method in which couples are provided information about the birth process and are taught breathing and relaxation exercises to use during labor |
|
|
Laparoscopy |
A procedure that allows a direct view of all the pelvic organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries; also refers to a number of important surgeries (such as tubal ligation or gall bladder removal) involving the laparoscope |
|
|
Midwife |
A person who assists women during childbirth |
|
|
Miscarriage |
A pregnancy that terminates on its own; also referred to as a spontaneous abortion |
|
|
Monozygotic |
Pertaining to or derived from one zygote |
|
|
Motherhood mandate |
the belief that something is wrong with a woman if she is not involved in caregiving or childcare |
|
|
mucus plug |
a collection of thick mucus in the cervix that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus |
|
|
Ovacryopreservation |
The freezing of ova for later use |
|
|
Placenta |
The structure through which the exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulations occurs |
|
|
Postpartum depression |
A woman's clinical depression that occurs after childbirth |
|
|
Preeclampsia |
A condition of hypertension during pregnancy, typically accompanied by leg swelling and other symptoms |
|
|
Premature birth |
Any infant born before the 37th week of pregnancy |
|
|
Pseudocyesis |
A condition in which a woman experiences signs of pregnancy, even though she is not pregnant |
|
|
Sonography |
Electronic monitoring; also called ultrasound |
|
|
Sperm bank |
A storage facility that holds supplies of sperm for future use |
|
|
Spermcryopreservation |
The freezing of sperm for later use |
|
|
Surrogate mother |
A woman who donates her ovum (which is fertilized by the father's sperm) and then carries the zygote to term |
|
|
Surrogate parenting |
Use of a woman who, through artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, gestates a fetus for another woman or man |
|
|
test-tube baby |
A slang term for any zygote created by mixing sperm and egg outside a woman's body |
|
|
Toxemia |
A form of blood poisoning caused by kidney disturbances |
|
|
Transition |
The last period in labor, in which contractions are strongest and the periods in between contractions are the shortest |
|
|
Trimester |
A term of three months; pregnancies usually consist of three trimesters |
|
|
Triplets |
Three offspring having coextensive gestation periods and delivered at the same time |
|
|
Ultrasound |
The use of ultrasonic waves to monitor a developing fetus; also called sonography |
|
|
Umbilical cord |
The long, ropelike structure that connects the fetus to the placenta |
|
|
Varicocele |
An unnatural swelling of the veins in the scrotum |
|
|
Wean |
To accustom a baby to take nourishment othe than breast feeding |
|
|
Vernix |
Cheesy substance that coats the fetus in the uterus |
|
|
Zygote |
The single cell resulting from the union of a male and female gamete, the fertilized ovum |
|
|
Hegemony |
Dominance of one group over the other groups to the extent that cultural perspectives become skewed to favor the dominant group |
|
|
Dominant ideology |
The set of common values and beliefs shared by most people in a given society, framing how the majority think about a range of topics |
