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233 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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combination birth control pills
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birth control pills that contain a combination of estrogen and progestin
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how pills work
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mainly by preventing ovulation
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failure rate % for contrception pills
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.03%
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side effects of pills
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blood clots, stroke
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Advantages of pill
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near 100% effective, doesnt interfere with intercourse, is'nt messy, reduces menstral flow and cramps, iron deficiencty is less likely, can clear up acne, protective effect against pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian and endomerial cancer.
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Disadvantages of pill
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cost, place burden of contriception, taking correctly is complicated, no protection agains STD's.
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triphasic pill
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pill containing a steady level of estrogen and three phases of progesterone, intended to mimic more closely women's natural hormonal cycles.
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patch
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same hormones as pills, lasts 7 days,
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vaginal ring
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same hormones as combination pill just in smaller doses, remains in vagina for 21 days, once removed she waits 7 days to put a new one in
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depo-provera injections(DMPA)
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progestin administered by iinjection, failure rate of 3%
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intrauterine device(IUD)
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inserted into the uterus by a doctor and remains in place until the woman wants it removed.
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how the IUD works
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it prevents fertilization, failure rate for first year is .07% then drops as the years go.
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diaphragm
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circular, dome-shaped piece of thin rubber with a rubber-covered rim of flexible metal. it fits snug over the cervix. must be applied with spermicide. must be in for atleast 6 hrs and no more then 24
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cervical cap
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pretty much the same as the diaphram but is a more snug fit on the cervix. must be applied with spermicide. can remain in place for up to 48 hrs
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male condom
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thin sheath that fits over the penis.
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female condom
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made of polyurethane and resembles a clear baloon. it has 2 rings. one is inserted into the vagina and the other is spread over the vaginal enterance
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spermicides
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substance that kills sperm
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douching
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flushing out the inside of the vagina with a liquid
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rhythm (fertility awareness) methods
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involves abstaining from intercourse around the time a woman ovulates
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calendar method
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woman determines when she ovulates by keeping a calendar of the lenght of menstrual cycles
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basal body temperature(BBT)
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woman keeps track of ovulation by keeping track of her temperature
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cervical mucus method
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woman determines when she ovulates by checking cervical mucus
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sympto-thermal method
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combination of basal and cervical mucus methods
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minilaparotomy(tubual ligation)
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type of female sterilization
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erotophobes
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people who feel guilty and fearful about sex
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erotophiles
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people who feel comfortable with sex
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vacuum aspiration
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method of abortion performed during the first trimester and involves sucking out the contents of the uterus, done in doctors office/clinic
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dilation and evacuation(D&E)
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similar to vacuum but it is done in a hospital
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induced labor
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done during late 2nd trimester, forcing labor and misscarriage
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hysterectomy
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surgical method of abortion in late 2nd trimester
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mifepristone
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the abortion pill
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vasocongestion
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accumulation of blood in the blood vessels of a region of the body, especially the genitals; a swelling or erection results
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Myotonia
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muscle contraction
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excitement
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the first stage of sexual response, erection in male and vaginal lub in female
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plateau
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second stage of sexual response, just before orgasm
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orgasmic platform
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tightening of entrance of vagina caused by contractions of muscles that occur during plateau stage
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orgasm
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third stage of sexual response, an intense sensation that occurs at the peak of sexual arousal
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resolution
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fourth stage of sexual response, body returns to unaroused state
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retractory period
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period following orgasm during which the male cannot be sexually aroused
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clitoral orgasm
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orgasm in females from stimulation of clitoris
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vaginal orgasm
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orgasm from stimulation of vagina in heterosexual intercourse
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multiple orgasm
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series of orgasms occurring within a short period of time
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triphasic model
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Kaplans model with the three phases: desire, vasocongestion, orgasmic release
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retrograde ejaculation
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orgasm in male is not accompanied by an external ejaculation (dry ejaculation)
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grafenberg spot(G-Spot)
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small region on front wall of vagina, responsible for female orgasm
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limbic system
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set of structures in the brain believed to be important in sexual behavior
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organizing effects of hormones
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early development, result in permanent change in brain or reproductive system
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activating effects of hormones
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adulthood, activation of sexual behaviors
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pheromones
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biochemicals secreted outside of the body that help animals communicate, also a sex attractant
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menstraul synchrony
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convergence of the dates of menstrual periods among women who are in close contact with each other
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coitus
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sexual intercourse
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man on top advantages
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best position for contraception, leaves womans hand free to stroke the mans body, couples may better express their love
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man on top disadvantages
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not good for pregnant women, not good if man or woman is extremely obese, not good for conroling ejaculation
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woman on top advantages
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alot of clitoral stimulation, woman can control stimulation she gets, good for man who want to delay ejaculation, also good if the man is tired
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rear entry advantages
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mans hands are free to stimulate clitoris
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rear entry disadvantages
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not facing eachother, small amount of air may enter vagina making a noise
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side to side advantages
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good for leisurely or prolonged intercourse, good if one or both of partners are tired, good for pregnant and obese
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chlamydia trachomatis
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bacterium that is spread by sexual contact, male have thin, clear discharges and mild pain or urniation. females usually have no symptoms(asymptomatic)
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chlamydia treatments
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is treatable with azithromycin or doxycycline.
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untreated chlamydia in males
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can cause urethra damage, epididymitis, reiters syndrome
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untreated chlamydia in females
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pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), possible infertility due to scarring of fallopian tubes.
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Gential warts
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cauliflower like warts appearing on the genitals
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genital warts treatment
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several are available, usually involve applying a treatment directy to the warts until they fall off
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HPV
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virus that causes genital warts
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HPV causes
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leading cause of cervical cancer
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genital herpes
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disease of the genital organs caused by the herpes simplex virus
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genital herpes symptoms
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small, painfull bumps or blisters on the genitals. vaginal lips for females and on the penis for males
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AIDS(acquired immune dificiency syndrome)
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disease that destroys the body's immune system
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HIV
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human immune difiency virus, virus that causes AIDS
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gonorrhea
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oldest of sexual diseases. causes pusslike discharge and painfull, burning urination. no symptoms in 80% of women
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gonorrhea treatment
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treated with a drug called ceftriaxone
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treponema pallidum
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bacteria that causes syphilis
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syphilis
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disease that causes a chancre to appear in the primary stage
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chancre
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painless, ulcerlike lesion witha hard, raised edge
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primary-stage syphilis
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first few weeks of a syphilis infection during which the chancre is present
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secondary stage syphilis
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2nd stage occuring several months after infection, chancre disappears and a body rash appears
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latent syphilis
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3rd stage which may last for years, symptoms disappear but person is still infected
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late syphilis
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4th and final stage disease does damage to major organs of the body
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congenital syphilis
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infection in a newborn baby, gets from infected mother
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treatment of syphilis
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penicillin
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hepatitis B
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can be transmitted through blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions and other bodily fluids
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trichomoniais
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caused by protozoan, causes white or yellow discharge with an unpleasant odor
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trichomoniais treatment
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metronidazole
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moniliasis/candidiasis
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form of vaginitis caused by yeast fungus candida. causes a thick white discharge
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christianity
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thought wet dreams were intercourse with tiny spiritual creatures
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islam
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believed sex was one of the finest pleasures of life
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judaism
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believed that sex was a gift that should be used responsibly, never used for evil
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antoni von leewenbeck
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first to see sperm through microscope
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oscar hertwig
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first to see fertilization
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sigmund freud
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looked at human mind
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clelia mosher
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looked at females and their sexual behaviors
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henry havelock ellis
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first to talk about abnormal sexual behaviors
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richard von kraft ebing
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abnormal behavior that leads to psycho illness, "psychopathia sexualis"
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santals
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have sex 5 times a day in early marrage
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inis baeg
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believe intercourse is hard on health
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mehinaku
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have little sex
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managaia
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boys first hear about masturbation at 7
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trobiriand
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kissing consist of sucking lips and tongue
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popapean
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man places fish in vulna then gradually licks it out
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hispanics
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motherhood and virginity are highly valued untill marriage
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chinese
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are repressive about sexuality
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africans
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some emphasize sexual propriety and teach their girls to be modest
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uniqeness of animals and humans
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many mammals such as primates masturbate like humans do, there are also alot of mammals that have homosexual behaviors
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id
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basic personality, operates on pressure principle
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ego
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keeps id in line, operates on reality principle
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superego
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conscience, operates on idealism principle
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oral phase
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1st phase of psychosexual development, suckling, 1-2 yrs
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anal phase
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2nd phase of psychosexual development, elimination, 2-4 yrs
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phallic phase
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3rd phase of psychosexual development, develops oedipus complex, 5-6 yrs
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genital phase
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4th phase of psychosexual development, puberty and sexual urges, 8-9 to adult
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penis
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external sexual organ, used for urination
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corpora cavernoso
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spongy bodies on top half of penis
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corpus spongiosum
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spongy bodies on bottom half of penis
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foreskin
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skin covering tip of penis (uncircumsized)
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scrotum
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skin containing testes
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testes
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manufacture sperm and sex hormones
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seminiferous tubules
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tubes in testes that make sperm
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interstitial cells
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cells in testes that make testosterone
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sperm
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male reproductive cell
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epididymis
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highly coiled tube on edge of testes
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vas deferens
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tube from testes to epididymis, out of scrotum and to urethra
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seminal vessicles
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sacklike structures that lie above prostate, produce 70% of seminal fluid
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prostate
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gland that secretes some fluid in semen
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coupers gland
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glands that secrete clear alkaline fluid into urethra
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prostate cancer signs
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frequent urination, difficulty in urination, difficulty emptying bladder
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testicular cancer signs
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lumps on testes, change in consistency in testes, may be pain in lower abdomen or groin
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vulva
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all external female organs together
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clitoris
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small, highly sensitive sexual organ
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mons pubis
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fatty tissue under pubic hair
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outer lips
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(labia majora) fatty tissue one either side of vagina
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inner lips
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(labia minora) thin fold of skin on either side of vagina
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bartholin glands
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tiny glands on either side of vaginal entrance
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perineum
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skin between vagina entrance and anus
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introitus
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another word for vaginal entrance
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urethra
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tube which urine is passed from bladder
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hymen
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(cherry) thin membrane that may partially cover entrance
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4 types of hymen
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annular, septate, cribriform, imperforate
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vagina
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where penis is inserted
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pubocorcygeus muscle
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muscle around vaginal entrance
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vestibular bulbs
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erectile tissue running under inner lips
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skene's gland
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female prostate
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uterus
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organ where fetus develops
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fallopian tubes
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(oviducts) tubes extending from uterus to ovary
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ovaries
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where eggs are produced
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clitoridectomy
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removal of clitoris
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infibulation
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sewing outer lips together to prevent intercourse
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% of breast cancer in upper outer quadrant
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50%
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% of breast cancer in upper inner quadrant
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15%
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% of breast cancer in lower outer quadrant
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11%
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% of breast cancer in lower inner quadrant
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6%
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% of breast cancer in nipple
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18%
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causes of cervical cancer
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unknown but linked to: virus (HPV), early sexual intercourse, increase # of partners, long term pill use, mother used DES to prevent miscarriage
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testis determining factor
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the y chromosome determines the baby being a male
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mullerian ducts
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developes into the fallopian tubes in females
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wolffian ducts
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developes the epididymus, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct in males
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decent of testis
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the travel down into the scrotum via a passage called the inguinal canal
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cryptorchidism
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(undescendend testes) when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum
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inguinal hernia
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when inguinal canal doesnt close off completely allowing it to reopen later in life. this can allow intestine to drop into the scrotum
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xxy
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male sudohermaph
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xo
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female sudohermaph
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xo/xy
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mixed gonads, both male and female. true hermaph
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xyy
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male sudohermaph
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xxx
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female sudohermaph
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xx/xy
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both male and female. true hermaph
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androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
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genetic male with normal female genitals
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DHT deficiency syndrome
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genetic male with what appear to be male genetals, then at puberty develop masculan
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DES exposure or use
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male genetals may not develope right
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congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
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genetic female with normal male genitals
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2 spirits
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believed intersexuality and transexuality are gender roles
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hormones
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chemical substances secreted into the blood stream
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hypothalamus
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small region in brain that regualtes the body functions, including sex hormones
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pituitary gland
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gland on lower side of brain below hypothalamus, regulates levels of sex hormones
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gonads
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ovaries or testes
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testosterone
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hormone secreted by testes in the male
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estrogen
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group of female hormones
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proestrogen
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female sex hormone secreted from ovaries
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follicular phase
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1st phase of menstration, egg matures for ovulation
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ovulatory phase
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2nd phase of menstration, release of an egg from ovaries
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luteal phase
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3rd phase of menstration, follows ovulation
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menstrual phase
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4th phase of menstration, endometrium of uterus is discharged
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endometriosis
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endometrium grows abnormally outside uterus
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toxic shock syndrome
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bacterial infection associated with tampoon use
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pre-menstrual syndrome
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combination of sever physical and psychological symptoms
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quickening
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1st movement of fetus
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braxton-hicks
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contraction
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engagement
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baby engages itself in mothers cervix
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lightening
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when baby moves lower with uterus
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lamaze technique
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breathing and relaxation technique
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stages of pregnancy
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dilation & effairment- 10cm
delivery of baby/fetus delivery of placenta |
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episiotomy
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cutting into perenial muscle to prevent tearing while babys head is coming out
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breech position
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bottom first
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transverse position
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laying down
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oblique position
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between preech and transverse or between lephalic and transverse
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lephalic position
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head first
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pseudocyesis
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false pregnancy, thinks she is pregnant but isnt
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ectopic pregnancies
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pregnancy in places other than uterus(usually fallopian tubes)
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rh incompatibility
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when protein in mothers blood is alittle different fron babies
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rhogam
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shot given to mother to prevent rh incompatability
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toxemias of pregnancy
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toxens that gather from being pregnant
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signs of toxemias
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excessive vomitting, diabetic, pre-eclampsia & eclampsia
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pre-eclampsia
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high blood pressure, water logging(ederma), protein in urine(albuming)
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eclampsia
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seizure, coma
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thalidomide
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causes birth defects(no limbs)
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alcohol
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causes vitamin depletion, low birth weight, prematurity, still birth, birth defects
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morphine
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causes low birth weight, irritable/hyperactive, feeding problems
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cocaine
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causes low birth weight, birth defects, still birth
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steroids
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causes low birth weight, jaundice, cleft palate, still birth
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nicotine
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causes early cancer
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anti-histamine
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causes birth defects
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causes of infertility in females
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PID caused by STD's, failure to ovulate, blockage of fallopian tubes, hostile mucus
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causes of infertility in males
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infections in reproductive system caused by STD's, low sperm count
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artificial insemination
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arifically planting semen in the vagina
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paraphilias
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unconventional sexual behavior that is obsessive and compulsive
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learning theory
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classical method
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cognitive psychology
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serious distortion of cognitive thinking
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sexual addiction
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pre-occupation and sexual thoughts, rituals, compulsion, despair, guilt, hopeless, helpless
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discipline
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need to restrict someone
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exhibitionism
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exposure of the genitals to an unwilling viewer
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fetishism
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arousal from non-animate objects. ie: shoes, door knobs
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frotteurism
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need to rub ones genitals against a stranger, especially ina tightly packed crowds
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gerontophilia
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need for a sex partner much older than oneself
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masochism
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need to be punished or hurt, having pain inflicted
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mysophilia
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dependency of something soiled or filthy. eg: sweaty underwear, jockstraps, used tampoons
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narcissism
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love of or sexual desire for ones own body
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pedophilia
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sexual activity with children
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sadism
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sexual gratification from inflicting pain pr humiliating on others
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satryiasis
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hypersexuality in the male
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somnophilia
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need to fondle a stranger who is asleep
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triolism or troilism
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need to be the third member of a sexual partnership
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urolagnia
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urination on another person or being urinated on
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voyeurism
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being dependently responsive to the risk of being caught while illicitly peering at another person undressing
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primary intervention
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psychologically altering behavior when they are children, or talking to them as adults
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secondary intervention
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sergical castration, hormonal treatment, anti-depressents
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