Human Physiology Final Flashcards - Life Processes, Chemical Level & Cell Parts

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

Front 2

Catabolism

Back 2

Provides energy by breaking down large molecules

Front 3

Anabolism

Back 3

Builds structural and functional components

Front 4

Responsiveness

Back 4

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the external & internal environment

Front 5

Movement

Back 5

Motion of whole body, individual organs, cells, & organelles

Front 6

Growth

Back 6

An increase in size and complexity

Front 7

Differentiation

Back 7

Change in a cell from unspecialized to specialized

Front 8

Reproduction

Back 8

Formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement, or for the production of a new individual

Front 9

Anatomy

Back 9

Study of structure and the relationships among structures

Front 10

Physiology

Back 10

Deals with how body parts operate and is the study of how body structures function

Front 11

Cells

Back 11

Basic structural and functional units of an organism

Front 12

Tissues

Back 12

Groups of similarly specialized cells and the substance surrounding them that usually arise from a common ancestor and perform certain special functions

Front 13

Organs

Back 13

Structures of definite form composed of two+ different tissues and have specific functions

Front 14

Organ systems

Back 14

Consists of associations of organs that have a common function

Front 15

Homeostasis

Back 15

Condition in which the body's internal environment remains within certain physiological limits

Front 16

Extracellular fluid

Back 16

Fluid outside body cells found in 2 places: ISF and vessels

Front 17

Interstitial Fluid

Back 17

ECF filling narrow spaces between cells of tissues

Front 18

Plasma

Back 18

ECF in blood vessels

Front 19

Lymph

Back 19

Term for ECF in lymphatic vessels

Front 20

Intracellular Fluid

Back 20

Fluid within cells

Front 21

Stress

Back 21

Any external or internal stimulus that creates an imbalance in the internal environment

Front 22

Feedback system

Back 22

Cycle of events where information about the status of a condition is continually monitored and fed back to a central control region

Front 23

Stimulus

Back 23

Any stress that changes a controlled condition

Front 24

Control Center

Back 24

Component in a feedback system that determines point at which a controlled condition should be maintained

Front 25

Receptor

Back 25

Component in a feedback system that monitors changes in the controlled condition and then sends the input to the control center

Front 26

Effector

Back 26

Component of a feedback system that receives information (output) from the control center and produces a response (effect)

Front 27

Disease

Back 27

Any change from a state of health, characterized by signs and symptoms

Front 28

Diagnosis

Back 28

Art of distinguishing one disease from another or determining the nature of a disease

Front 29

Polysaccharides

Back 29

Largest carbohydrates formed from monosaccharides, principle form in human body is glycogen

Front 30

Eicosanoids

Back 30

Include prostaglandins and leukotrienes, a form of lipids that function in the endocrine system

Front 31

Prostaglandins

Back 31

Form of Eicosanoids; they modify responses to hormones, contribute to inflammatory responses, prevent stomach ulcers, dilate airways to lungs, regulate body temperature, influence blood clots

Front 32

Leukotrienes

Back 32

Participate in allergic and inflammatory responses, an eicosanoid

Front 33

Adenosine Triphosphate

Back 33

Principal energy-storing molecule in the body; provide for muscular contractions, cell divisions, membrane transport processes

Front 34

Level for Resting Blood Glucose

Back 34

65-100 mL/dL

Front 35

Simple Diffusion

Back 35

Movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher conc. to lower conc.

Front 36

Osmosis

Back 36

Movement of H2O through a selectively permeable membrane from high to low H20 conc.

Front 37

Filtration

Back 37

Movement of H2O and dissolved substances across a membrane due to gravity or hydrostatic pressure

Front 38

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 38

Movement of a molecule through a membrane via a carrier

ex: glucose transport into cell uptake

Front 39

Active Transport

Back 39

Primary or secondary movement of a molecule or ion across a membrane against the conc. gradient (low to high); requires ATP

Front 40

Phagocytosis

Back 40

Ingestion of solid particles

Front 41

Pinocytosis

Back 41

Ingestion of extracellular fluid

Front 42

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 42

Selective uptake of large molecules and particles (ligands) by cell

Front 43

Exocytosis

Back 43

Secretory vesicles release contents into the extracellular fluid