Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Explain the principle physiological function of the pulmonary system.
|
*Provides a means of gas exchange between the environment and the body. Plays an important role in the regulation of the acid-base balance during exercise. (Blood Gas Homeostasis… oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions)
|
|
Define Pulmonary Respiration:
|
Ventilation breathing and the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs.
|
|
Define Cellular respiration:
|
Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production by the tissues.
|
|
Discuss the role the alveoli plays in gas exchange.
|
*The pulmonary system consists of a group of passages that filter air and transport it into lungs where gas exchange occurs within tiny air sacs called alveoli
*Alveoli: microscopic air sacs |
|
Explain how gases are transported across the blood-gas interface in the lung.
|
Function of the lung:
The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the lung and the blood occurs as a result of ventilation: mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs and diffusion: random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. *O2 tension is greater in the lung (than in the blood). Moves from blood into the blood *CO2 tension is greater in the blood (than in the lung). It moves from the blood into the lung and is expired. |
|
What is Ventilation and Diffusion?
|
ventilation: mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs
diffusion: random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
|
Define Inspiration
|
* inhale Diaphragm
– Diaphragm pushes downward, ribs lift outward – Volume of lungs increases – Intrapulmonary pressure lowered |
|
Define Expiration
|
exhale
– Diaphragm relaxes, ribs pulled downward – Volume of lungs decreases – Intrapulmonary pressure raised *The primary factor that contributes to airflow resistance in the pulmonary system is the diameter of the airway. (Airflow = P1-P2/ Resistance) |
|
Describe the Control of Ventilation at Rest
|
• Inspiration and expiration
– Produced by contraction and relaxation of Diaphragm • Controlled by somatic motor neurons in the Spinal cord – Controlled by respiratory control center |
|
Discuss the major transportation modes of O2 and CO2 in the blood.
|
99% of O2 is transported bound to hemoglobin (Hb)
– Oxyhemoglobin: Hb bound to O2 – Deoxyhemoglobin: Hb not bound to O2 • Amount of O2 that can be transported per unit volume of blood is dependent on the Hb concentration – Each gram of Hb can transport 1.34 ml O2 CO2 Transport in blood Dissolved in plasma (10%) • Bound to Hb (20%) • Bicarbonate (70%) Oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve: Deoxyhemoglobin + O2 « Oxyhemoglobin • At the lung – High PO2 = formation of oxyhemoglobin • At the tissues – Low PO2 = release of O2 to tissues |
|
Detail the entire process of how O2 gets from the air to skeletal muscle.
|
Myoglobin (Mb)
– Shuttles O2 from the cell to the mitochondria • Mb has a higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin – Even at low PO2 – Allows Mb to store O2 § O2 reserve for muscle |