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11 Cards in this Set

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Explain the principle physiological function of the pulmonary system.
*Provides a means of gas exchange between the environment and the body. Plays an important role in the regulation of the acid-base balance during exercise. (Blood Gas Homeostasis… oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions)
Define Pulmonary Respiration:
Ventilation breathing and the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs.
Define Cellular respiration:
Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production by the tissues.
Discuss the role the alveoli plays in gas exchange.
*The pulmonary system consists of a group of passages that filter air and transport it into lungs where gas exchange occurs within tiny air sacs called alveoli
*Alveoli: microscopic air sacs
Explain how gases are transported across the blood-gas interface in the lung.
Function of the lung:
The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the lung and the blood occurs as a result of ventilation: mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs and diffusion: random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
*O2 tension is greater in the lung (than in the blood). Moves from blood into the blood
*CO2 tension is greater in the blood (than in the lung). It moves from the blood into the lung and is expired.
What is Ventilation and Diffusion?
ventilation: mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs

diffusion: random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Define Inspiration
* inhale Diaphragm
– Diaphragm pushes downward, ribs lift outward
– Volume of lungs increases
– Intrapulmonary pressure lowered
Define Expiration
exhale
– Diaphragm relaxes, ribs pulled downward
– Volume of lungs decreases
– Intrapulmonary pressure raised
*The primary factor that contributes to airflow resistance in the pulmonary system is the diameter of the airway. (Airflow = P1-P2/ Resistance)
Describe the Control of Ventilation at Rest
• Inspiration and expiration
– Produced by contraction and relaxation of
Diaphragm
• Controlled by somatic motor neurons in the
Spinal cord
– Controlled by respiratory control center
Discuss the major transportation modes of O2 and CO2 in the blood.
99% of O2 is transported bound to hemoglobin (Hb)
– Oxyhemoglobin: Hb bound to O2
– Deoxyhemoglobin: Hb not bound to O2
• Amount of O2 that can be transported per unit
volume of blood is dependent on the Hb
concentration
– Each gram of Hb can transport 1.34 ml O2
CO2 Transport in blood
Dissolved in plasma (10%)
• Bound to Hb (20%)
• Bicarbonate (70%)

Oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve:
Deoxyhemoglobin + O2 « Oxyhemoglobin
• At the lung
– High PO2 = formation of oxyhemoglobin
• At the tissues
– Low PO2 = release of O2 to tissues
Detail the entire process of how O2 gets from the air to skeletal muscle.
Myoglobin (Mb)
– Shuttles O2 from the cell to the mitochondria
• Mb has a higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin
– Even at low PO2
– Allows Mb to store O2
§ O2 reserve for muscle