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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What communicates by secreted substances?
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Single celled organisms
Individual cells |
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The neural and endocrine systems communicate instructions for the maintenance of what?
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homeostasis
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What are Exocrine glands?
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Secrete substances via ducts onto epithelial surfaces e.g. mucus, salivary and sweat glands
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What are endocrine glands?
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Ductless
Secrete hormones to bloodstream |
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What are the locations of the main endocrine glands?
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PHPTPTAPG
Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Thymus, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas and Gonads |
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What endocrine tissue is found in the heart and what does it control?
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The atrial natriuetic peptide
Regulates blood volume by salt extraction |
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What endocrine tissue does the thymus contain?
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Thymic peptides stimulate the immune system
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What endocrine tissue does the stomach contain?
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Gastrin, stimulates acid production
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What endocrine tissue does the small intestine contain?
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Secretin, stimulates release of pancreatic fluid
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What endocrine tissue does the kidneys contain?
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erythropoetin, stimulates red blood cell production
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The epithelial tissue of red blood cells contains what endocrine substance?
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Nitric oxide, causing vasodilation
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What is the definition of a hormone?
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Secretions of endocrine cells what alter the physiological activity of target cells in the body
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What are the 5 main types of hormones?
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Endocrine
Paracrine Autocrine Neuroendocrine Neurotransmitter |
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What is a paracrine hormone?
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local hormone which acts on a neighbouring cell
e.g. histamine |
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What is a autocrine hormone?
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local hormone which acts on the secretory hormone itself
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What is a neuroendocrine hormone?
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Released by a nerve cell into the bloodstream
eg. adrenaline |
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What is a neurotransmitter?
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A neurotransmitter is released by a nerve cell to activate other nerve cells
eg, nor adrenaline |
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Where can receptors be found?
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Embedded in the surface or within the nucleus/cytoplasm
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Describe the neuroendocrine supersystem
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The system begins with the NS sensors detecting change
Directs NTs to target organs The ES sends hormones to react to change Hormones bind to receptors on target organs Both responses return the body back to homeostasis |
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In the HPA axis, what type of hormone is released by the 1. Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary Gland 3. Peripheral gland
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1. Releasing hormone
2. Tropic hormone 3. Specific hormone |
