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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 layers of skin |
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous |
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Secretion of sweat |
sweat glands/pores |
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Secretion of oil |
oil glands |
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Protect/Cushion/Insulate the skin |
subcutaneous tissue |
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Bring oxygenated blood and remove deoxygenated blood |
artery |
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Allow for sensations to be delivered to the brain |
nerve |
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Causes hair to stand up |
erector muscle of hair |
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Gives the skin its color |
melanocytes |
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5 layers of the epidermis |
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale |
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Waterproofing |
stratum granulosum and stratum corneum |
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High mitotic rate |
stratum basale |
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Found in thicker skin |
stratum lucidum |
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Protect from chemical and mechanical stress |
stratum corneum |
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Fight off pathogens |
stratum corneum |
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Stratum Corneum |
flat, dead cells; protect against pathogens, waterproofing, chemical and mechanical stress; shed frequently |
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Stratum Lucidum |
clear, thin layer of dead skin cells; only founding thick skin regions (soles of feet) |
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Stratum Granulosum |
thin layer of cells that become more keratinized to enhance the waterproofing of the skin |
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Stratum Spinosum |
several layers of cuboidal/irregular shaped kertonocytes; contains some Langerhans cells |
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Stratum Basale |
columnar epithelial cells divide to give rise to the keratinocytes in the spinosum |
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2 body membranes |
epithelia and connective |
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3 types of Epithelia |
cutaneous, mucous, and serous |
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Cutaneous is made of... |
keratinizing stratified squamous tissue and dense connective tissue. |
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Example of Cutaneous |
skin |
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Mucous is made of... |
epithelium and loose connective tissue. |
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Example of Mucous |
hollow organs (Respiratory system, digestive system) |
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Mucous is found in the... |
lining of cavities. |
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Serous is made of... |
simple squamous and areolar connective. |
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Serous is found in the... |
lining of closed cavities and not in dorsal or joint cavities. |
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5 types of serous |
parietal, visceral, peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium |
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Parietal Layer |
covers the wall of ventral cavity |
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Visceral Layer |
covers the dorsal cavity |
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What 2 layers secrete serous fluid? |
parietal and visceral |
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Peritoneum |
covers the abdominal cavity |
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Pleura |
covers the lungs |
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Pericardium |
covers the heart |
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Integumentary system is made up of... |
hair, nails, and skin. |
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Hair is made of... |
keratin. |
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Hair grows from... |
the follicle. |
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Hair is not found... |
on the lips, palms, and sole of the feet. |
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Hair provides... |
warmth, protection, and immune defense |
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Hair is a characteristic of... |
mammals. |
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Nails are made of... |
keratin. |
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Nails grow from... |
roots. |
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Nails are found... |
on fingers and toes (phalanges). |
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Nails provide... |
protection and are tools for precise activities. |
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Skin |
large organ of the body that is made up of 3 layers of tissue |
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Epidermis |
outer layer composed of epithelial cells |
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Outermost cells are... |
dead and rub off. |
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New cells are constantly made at the... |
base of the epidermis. |
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Melanocytes |
cells produce melanin |
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Melanin |
pigment that protects your skin and gives it color |
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Dermis |
middle layer composed of connective tissue |
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The dermis contains... |
blood vessels, nerve fibers, muscles, oil, sweat glands, and other structures. |
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Hypodermis |
fatty layer below the dermis that insulates the body |
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Skin forms a... |
protective covering over the body that prevents infection and water loss. |
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Skin helps us to... |
sense our environment through touch. |
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The skin forms... |
vitamin D when exposed to the sun. |
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Skin helps with regulation of... |
body temperature. |
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Blood vessels in the skin help to... |
release and hold heat. |
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Sweating helps to... |
keep cool. |
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Shivering helps to... |
keep warm. |
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3 determining factors of skin color |
melanin, carotene, and heomglobin |
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Melanin |
yellow, brown, or black pigments |
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Carotene |
orange-yellow pigments from some vegetables |
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Hemoglobin |
red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries and oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring |
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Alterations of skin color |
redness, pallor, jaundice, and bruises |
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Redness (erythema) |
embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever or allergy |
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Pallor (blanching) |
due to emotional stress such as fear, anemia, low blood pressure, and impaired blood flow to an area |
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Juandice (yellowing) |
liver disorder; too much bile circulation - deposited in tissues |
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Bruises |
hematomas |
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Hematoma |
blood escapes circulation and clots |
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Burn |
tissue damage and/or cell death |
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What causes burns? |
intense heat, electricity, certain chemicals, and UV radiation |
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2 life threatening problems associated with burns are... |
fluid loss from burned surfaces and infection. |
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Dehydration from burns... |
leads to circulator shock or kidney damage. |
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When a burn causes infection... |
pathogens invade nutrient rich dead skin and the immune system is typically depressed. |
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3 types of burns |
1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree |
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First Degree Burn |
damages only the epidermis and aren't very serious |
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First degree burn exmample |
sunburn |
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Second degree burn |
damages epidermis and top of dermis; causes pain and blisters; regrowth possible |
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Third degree burn |
destroys all layers of skin; regrowth not possible |
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Third degrees burns appear... |
white, grey, or black. |
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Are 3rd degree burns painful? |
no b/c nerve endings are destroyed |
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When is a burn dangerous? |
over 25% of the body has 2nd or over 10% of the body has 3rd |
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Where is the most dangerous place to have 3rd degree burns? |
face, hands, and feet |
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Whole arm/both arms |
9%/18% |
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Whole head and neck |
9% |
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Whole trunk |
36% |
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Perineum (pubic area) |
1% |
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Whole leg/both legs |
18%/36% |
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Epidermal dendritic cells and macrophages |
biological barrier |
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Intact epidermis |
mechanical barrier |
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Bactericidal secretions |
chemical barrier |
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Keratin |
chemical and mechanical barrier |
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Melanin |
chemical barrier |
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Acid mantle |
chemical barrier |
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How does a sunburn impair the body's ability to defend itself? |
inhibit the immune response by depressing microphage activity |
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How do sweat gland help maintain body temperature? |
sweating cools the body down by carrying body heat away from the surface when it is evaporated |
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Why do epidermal cells die? |
cells divide and push the other ones up and out of the cell; lose nutrient supply |
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Translucent cells, containing keratin |
stratum lucidium |
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Strata containing all or mostly dead cells |
stratum corneum and lucidium |
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Dermis layer responsible for fingerprints |
papillary layer |
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Vascular region; Site of elastic and collagen fibers; tanned becomes leather |
dermis as a whole |
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Epidermal region involved in rapid cell division; most inferior epidermal layer; site of melanin formation |
stratum basare |
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Scale-like cells full of keratin that constantly flake off; epidermal layer containing the oldest cells |
stratum coreum |
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Major skin area from which the derivatives arise (hair and nails) |
epidermis as a whole |
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Most responsible fro the skin color of dark-skinned people |
melanin |
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Provides an orange cast to the skin |
carotene |
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provides a natural sunscreen |
melanin |
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Most responsible for the skin color of Caucasians |
hemoglobin |
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Phagocytized by keratinocytes |
melanin |
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Found predominantly in the stratum coreum |
carotene |
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Found within red blood cells in the blood vessels |
hemoglobin |
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Radiation from the skin surface and evaporation of sweat are 2 ways in which the skin gets rid of body... |
heat. |
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Fat in the _____ tissue layer beneath the dermis helps to insulate the body. |
subcutaneous |
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A vitamin that is manufactured in the skin is... |
vitamin D. |
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Wrinkling is caused by loss of the ___ of the skin. |
elasticity |
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A decubitus ulcer results when skin cells are deprived of... |
oxygen. |
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___ is a bluish cast of the skin resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood. |
cyanosis |
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Sweat glands |
secret saltwater solution |
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Keratin |
most abundant protein in dead epidermal structures such as hair and nails |
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Sebum |
oily mixture of lipids, cholesterol, and cell fragments |
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Shaft |
visible part of hair |
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Dermis |
provides mechanical strength to the skin |
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What is a major problem burn patients face that could be fatal? |
dehydration: lose fluid through the wound |