Human Phys Test 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Front 2

Gross anatomy

Back 2

large and easy to view

Front 3

Microscopic anatomy

Back 3

too small to see with the naked eye

Front 4

"ana"

Back 4

apart

Front 5

"tomy"

Back 5

to cut

Front 6

Physiology

Back 6

the study of how the body and its parts work

Front 7

"physio"

Back 7

nature

Front 8

"ology"

Back 8

study of

Front 9

Why would you have a hard time understanding physiology if you didn't also understand anatomy?

Back 9

anatomy provides specialized structures for the physiology to happen

Front 10

What are the 6 levels of complexity?

Back 10

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal

Front 11

Chemical level

Back 11

atoms are the building blocks of molecules

Front 12

Cellular level

Back 12

cells are made up of molecules

Front 13

Tissue level

Back 13

tissues are made up of different types of cells

Front 14

Organ level

Back 14

organs are made up of different types of tissues

Front 15

Organ system level

Back 15

organ systems are made up of different organs that work together closely

Front 16

Organismal level

Back 16

human organisms are made up of many organ systems

Front 17

What are the eleven organ systems?

Back 17

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive

Front 18

Integumentary example

Back 18

skin

Front 19

Integumentary functions

Back 19

protection, sweat and oil glands, vitamin D

Front 20

Skeletal examples

Back 20

cartilage, joints, and bones

Front 21

Skeletal functions

Back 21

protects & supports organs, frame for muscles, blood cells, and stores minerals

Front 22

Muscular examples

Back 22

skeletal muscles

Front 23

Muscular functions

Back 23

allows manipulation of the environment, movement, produces heat

Front 24

Lymphatic examples

Back 24

thoracic duct, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels

Front 25

Lymphatic functions

Back 25

return fluid to blood vessels, highway for blood cells

Front 26

Respiratory examples

Back 26

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, and lungs

Front 27

Respiratory functions

Back 27

oxygen in, carbon dioxide out

Front 28

Digestive examples

Back 28

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus

Front 29

Digestive functions

Back 29

breaks down food, eliminates undigestible food

Front 30

Nervous examples

Back 30

brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord, and nerves

Front 31

Nervous functions

Back 31

fast-acting control system of the body, responds to external stimuli

Front 32

Endocrine examples

Back 32

pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, testis, and ovary

Front 33

Endocrine functions

Back 33

secrete hormones

Front 34

Cardiovascular examples

Back 34

heart and blood vessels

Front 35

Cardiovascular functions

Back 35

transport materials, pump blood

Front 36

Urinary examples

Back 36

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Front 37

Urinary functions

Back 37

eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water and electrolytes

Front 38

Reproductive examples (male)

Back 38

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, vas defrens, testis, and scrotum

Front 39

Reproductive examples (female)

Back 39

mammary gland, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina

Front 40

Reproductive functions

Back 40

offspring

Front 41

Receptor

Back 41

type fo sensor that monitors the environmental variables and responds to stimuli

Front 42

Where are pain sensors located?

Back 42

embedded in your skin

Front 43

Control center

Back 43

determines the set point for a variable; analyses the input and determines the output

Front 44

Effector

Back 44

responds to the stimulus

Front 45

Positive feed back

Back 45

enhance the variable

Front 46

Negative feed back

Back 46

inhibit the variable

Front 47

What are the four most common elements in the body?

Back 47

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Front 48

% Oxygen?

Back 48

65%

Front 49

% Carbon?

Back 49

18.5%

Front 50

% Hydrogen?

Back 50

9.5%

Front 51

% Nitrogen?

Back 51

3.2%

Front 52

Oxygen

Back 52

component of organic & inorganic molecules; gas - essential to cellular repiration

Front 53

Carbon

Back 53

primary element in all organic compounds (proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids)

Front 54

Hydrogen

Back 54

found in most organic molecules; ion - influence the pH of body fluids

Front 55

Nitrogen

Back 55

component of proteins and nucleic acids

Front 56

How much of the body is consumed by the four most common elements?

Back 56

96.1%

Front 57

% Calcium?

Back 57

1.5%

Front 58

% Phosphorus?

Back 58

1%

Front 59

% Potassium?

Back 59

.4%

Front 60

% Sulfur?

Back 60

.3%

Front 61

% Sodium?

Back 61

.2%

Front 62

Calcium

Back 62

salt - found in bones and teeth; ion - necessary for muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and blood clotting

Front 63

Phosphorus

Back 63

salt - found in bones and teeth; present in proteins and nucleic acids; essential component of ATP

Front 64

Potassium

Back 64

ion - necessary for nerve impulses and muscle contraction

Front 65

Sulfur

Back 65

component of proteins

Front 66

Sodium

Back 66

ion - important for water balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions

Front 67

% Chlorine?

Back 67

.2%

Front 68

Chlorine

Back 68

most abundant extracellular ion

Front 69

% Magnesium?

Back 69

.1%

Front 70

Magnesium

Back 70

present in bones; important for enzyme action and metabolism

Front 71

% Iodine?

Back 71

.1%

Front 72

Iodine

Back 72

needed for functional thyroid hormones

Front 73

% Iron?

Back 73

.1%

Front 74

Iron

Back 74

component of functional hemoglobin (molecule for transporting oxygen); important for some enzymes

Front 75

Biochemestry

Back 75

chemical composition of living matter

Front 76

Two classes of compounds

Back 76

inorganic and organic

Front 77

Inorganic compounds

Back 77

typically lack carbon, small simple molecules, and contain salt, oxygen, & methane

Front 78

Organic compounds

Back 78

contain carbon, usually large, and covalently bonding

Front 79

Examples of inorganic compounds

Back 79

water, salts, acids, and bases

Front 80

Water

Back 80

2/3 of our body weight

Front 81

What makes water so important?

Back 81

high heat capacity, polarity/solvent properties, chemical reactivity, and cushioning

Front 82

High heat capacity

Back 82

can absorb and release large amounts of heat before the temperature changes dramatically

Front 83

What is good about high heat capacity?

Back 83

it prevents major changes in temperature (sun exposure, cold winds, and exercise)

Front 84

Polarity/ solvent properties

Back 84

water is an excellent solvent because it is polar

Front 85

Solvent

Back 85

bigger substance

Front 86

Solute

Back 86

being dissolved

Front 87

Cushioning

Back 87

water helps make up the fluid that cushions your brain (cerebrospinal fluid); helps cushion fetus during development of the womb

Front 88

Salt

Back 88

ionic compound, dissociate in body fluids, ions vital to body function