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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What date was the Miocene? |
22-5 Ma |
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What were the key features of the Miocene? |
Originally warm and forested: radiation of primates, particularly apes Found mainly in Asia and Europe: diversity of locomotory adaptations Some fossils found in Africa (10-8 Ma): Return to Africa? |
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Where is there evidence for Hominin evolution approx 1.8-1.9 million years ago? |
East coast of Africa |
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Where are these fossils normally found? |
rift valleys cave sites |
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Why are fossils found here? |
due to erosion of sediments |
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What is taphonomy? |
the process that happens between an animal dying and its bones being found |
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give some examples of events that could take place during taphonomy |
scavenging acidic plant root damage bioturbation (disturbance caused by burrowing animals) acidic sediments trampling or crushing fire weathering |
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What are the key traits of hominids |
shape of canine similar to humans but larger, with sexual dimoprhism round maxilla (upper jaw) small diastema (gap between teeth) knee shape has a slight angle, similar to humans |
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Sahelanthropus tchadensis 'Toumai' |
Date: 7-6 Ma Location: Toros- Menalla, CHAD (mosaic environment) Key features: small canines position of foramen magnum between chimp and human 320-350 cc with large brow ridge taphonomic process: distortion |
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Orrorin tugenesis |
Date: 6-5.8 Ma Location: Lukeino Formation, KENYA Key features: ape-like canines femur has bipedal adaptations |
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Ardipithecus kadabba |
Date: 5.8-5.3 Ma Location: Middle Awash, ETHIOPIA Key features: human like bones in toes large canines bipedal |
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What date was the Pliocene? |
5-2.5 Ma |
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What were the features of the Pliocene? |
break up of forests expansion of grasslands first horses arrive in Africa |
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Ardipithecus ramidus 'Ardi' |
Date: 4.51-4.32 Ma ( accuracy by volcanic ash) Location: Gona and Middle Awash, ETHIOPIA (wooded environment) Key features: both ape and hominin features (mosaic) 300-350 cc low sexual dimorphism tree climbing: ape like foot, bipedal adaptations to pelvis, equal limb length |
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Australopithecus afarnsis |
Date: 3.85-2.95 Location: ETHIOPIA, KENYA, TANZANIA Key features: short lower limbs and long arms approx 350 cc with protruding skull bipedal chimp like growth trajectory first partial skeleton (Lucy) |
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Australopithecus africanus |
Date: 3.5 Ma Location: SOUTH AFRICA Key features: Approx 460 cc smaller front teeth sexually dimorphic |
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Australopithecus sediba |
Date: 1.9 Ma Location: Malapa, SOUTH AFRICA Key features: 420cc small teeth mosaic features |
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Paranthropus aethiopicus |
Date: 2.7-2,3 Ma Location: Turkana Basin, Kenya Key features: saggital crest on head broad face, wide cheek bones |
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Paranthropus bosai |
Date: 2.3-1.2 Ma Location: ETHIOPIA, KENYA, TANZANIA, MALAWI Key features: very large teeth saggital crest larger cranial capacity |
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Paranthropus robustus |
Date: 1.8-1.2 Ma Location: SOUTH AFRICA Key features: approx 530 cc very large teeth |
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What site has possible evidence for the earliest stone tool use |
Dikika 3.3 Ma marks/scratches found in the stone |
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What does Laetoli show? |
3.5 Ma trace fossil of the tracks of 3 bipedal individuals |
