Human Origins - Final

Front 1

SK

Back 1

Swartkrans

Front 2

What is the genus and species of ER 1470?

Back 2

Homo habilis, E. Lake Turkana

Front 3

lanky torso with long, well-muscled limbs

Back 3

Homo ergaster

Front 4

number of lumbar in modern human

Back 4

5

Front 5

Which site is more acurate when it comes to dating? (South Africa or East Africa)

Back 5

East Africa

Front 6

What is the genus and species of Zinj?

Back 6

A. boisei, Olduvai Gorge, Mary Leaky

Front 7

~900-1100cc

Back 7

Homo ergaster

Front 8

Robust or Gracile: A./P. aethiopicus

Back 8

robust

Front 9

OH

Back 9

Olduvai Gorge (refers to Olduvai Homonid)

Front 10

KNM

Back 10

Kenya National Museum (precedes ER or WT)

Front 11

Robust or Gracile: A. garhi

Back 11

gracile

Front 12

hominid with first significant change in cranial capacity

Back 12

Homo habilis

Front 13

What was the former name of East Rudolph?

Back 13

East Turkana

Front 14

What is the genus and species of the Taung child?

Back 14

A. africanus,3-6 year old child, first australopithecine found

Front 15

Anatomical features of robust austalopithecines:

Back 15

-sagittal crest
-large zygomatics
-postorbital constriction
-postcanine megadontia
-small incisors and canines
-very large mandible-in response to the huge teeth and forces going through it
-reorientation of temporalis muscle
-small brain

Front 16

biostratigraphy

Back 16

faunal existence in the earths layers

Front 17

What are the two S. Africa locations?

Back 17

Sterkfontein and Swartkrans

Front 18

What is the genus and species of ER 1813?

Back 18

Homo habilis, E. Lake Turkana

Front 19

Dmanisi

Back 19

Homo ergaster

Front 20

Despite the major changes in _____ in the robust and gracile austropiths, there is no diff. in body size.

Back 20

crania

Front 21

What is volcanc ash dated with?

Back 21

K/Ar dating

Front 22

What is the genus and species of STS 5?

Back 22

A. afrianus

Front 23

Hexian

Back 23

Homo erectus

Front 24

S. Africa lacks ______.

Back 24

datable volcanic ash tuffs

Front 25

STS

Back 25

Sterkfonstein

Front 26

What is the genus and species of the Black Skull?

Back 26

A. aethiopia, West Turkana

Front 27

tool industry was Acheulean

Back 27

Homo erectus

Front 28

Many fossilsin S. Africa are found by _____.

Back 28

quarry workers = original context lost forever

Front 29

WT

Back 29

West Turkana

Front 30

What is the genus and species of SK48?

Back 30

A. robustus

Front 31

Homo erectus is found in what region(s)?

Back 31

Eastern Asia

Front 32

In South Africa, most fossils are found embedded in _____.

Back 32

a limestone matrix

Front 33

Geological uplifting where, has exposed fossils that have been buried for years?

Back 33

Rift Valley

Front 34

What is the genus and species of Lucy?

Back 34

A. afarensis, 40% complete skeleton, Hadar

Front 35

cranial capacity ~750 - 1,100cc

Back 35

Homo erectus

Front 36

When there are no volcanic ash tuffs to date fossils by, what is the dating method used?

Back 36

relative dating method - faunal correlation

Front 37

ER

Back 37

East Rudolph

Front 38

AL

Back 38

Afar Locality

Front 39

early ______ in Africa is associated with the Oldowan tool industry.

Back 39

Homo ergaster

Front 40

Has a very thin enamel unlike later hominids

Back 40

Ardipithecus ramidus

Front 41

Zhoukoudain

Back 41

Homo erectus

Front 42

charcteristics of australopithecines

Back 42

SABERS
-Bipedal
-Specialized chewing system
(pronounced in robust form)
-Adapted to savanna open air
environment
-Eat vegitation primarily
-Reflect high degrees of
sexual dimorphism
-Small brains

Front 43

Ngandong

Back 43

Homo erectus

Front 44

_______ is very hard to date.

Back 44

limestone

Front 45

The diet of the robust australopithecines wore their what down?

Back 45

teeth...significantly more than modern humans

Front 46

The cranial capacity of all austropiths are?

Back 46

very ape-like

Front 47

___ is the forst to move out of Africa and into more temperate regions.

Back 47

Homo ergaster

Front 48

normal amount of lumbar in early hominids

Back 48

6

Front 49

Robust or Gracile: A. afarensis

Back 49

gracile

Front 50

1.9 - 1.4 mya

Back 50

Homo ergaster

Front 51

Most of the changes in theskulls of the robust australopithecines are due to _______.

Back 51

diet

Front 52

Olduvai Gorge

Back 52

Homo Ergaster

Front 53

Robust or Gracile: A. africanus

Back 53

gracile

Front 54

Nariokotome (West Lake Turkana)

Back 54

Homo ergaster

Front 55

first to use fire, but unlikely to control it

Back 55

Homo erectus

Front 56

intermembral index of approximately 75%

Back 56

Homo ergaster

Front 57

Swartkrans

Back 57

Homo ergaster

Front 58

Robust or Gracile: Ardipithecus ramidus

Back 58

gracile

Front 59

first ____ found in 1891 by Eugene Dubois in Java at the site of Trinil

Back 59

Homo erectus

Front 60

Ternifine

Back 60

Homo ergaster

Front 61

Sangiran

Back 61

Homo erectus

Front 62

What did robust australopithecines eat?

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tough, hard, gritty foods
i.e. seeds, nuts, tubers

Front 63

~1.8 mya - 100,000 ya

Back 63

Homo erectus

Front 64

WT 15000 - Nariokotomoe Bay

Back 64

-Homo ergaster
-most complete skeleton prior to neanderthals

Front 65

Robust or Gracile: Australopithecus anamensis

Back 65

gracile

Front 66

been called Pithecanthropus erectus, Java Man, Peking Man, Pithecanthropus soloensis, Sinanthropus

Back 66

Homo erectus

Front 67

Longgupo

Back 67

Homo erectus

Front 68

Trinil

Back 68

Homo erectus

Front 69

East Turkana (East Rudolph)

Back 69

Homo ergaster

Front 70

Robust or Gracile: A./P. robustus

Back 70

robust

Front 71

Robust or Gracile: A./P. boisei

Back 71

robust

Front 72

_______were the first to bury their dead

Back 72

neanderthals

Front 73

Robust or Gracile: Homo (Australopithecus) habilis

Back 73

gracile

Front 74

first evidence of modern limb proportions

Back 74

Homo ergaster

Front 75

_____ is considered to be the same species as Homo ergaster, with the minor diffs. explained as regional diff.

Back 75

Homo ergaster