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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychosexual Theory of Development
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People are sexual beings from the time of birth and that sexual desires affect behavior. Each stage of his theory is associated with a different erogenous zone, or location where sexual pleasure is experienced most intensely.
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Freud is the founder of what theory?
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Psychodynamic Theory
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Oral Stage
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AGE: 0-18 mos
EROGENOUS ZONE: Mouth CHARACTERISTICS: Infant explores the world with his/her mouth, learning about things by sucking, biting, and chewing on them. |
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Anal Stage
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AGE: 18 mos - 3 yrs
EROGENOUS ZONE: Anus CHARACTERISTICS: Child must learn to follow adult prescriptions about toileting and cleanliness. At first, takes pleasure from expelling feces whenever s/he wants. Later learns to take pleasure from retaining feces until a socially appropriate time and place. |
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Phallic Stage
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AGE: 3 - 5 yrs
EROGENOUS ZONE: Penis CHARACTERISTICS: * Oedipal Complex for boys: mother is object of sexual desire, but father is a rival. Notices that men & women look different and assumes women are castrated. Develops castration anxiety, which motivates the boy to repress sexual desire for mother and identify with father. * Electra Complex for girls: girls also desire their mothers, but assume their mothers are inferior because castrated. Develop penis envy and sublimate desire for father, who is more powerful, into desire to have a baby. |
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Latency Stage
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AGE: 6 - 12 yrs
EROGENOUS ZONE: None CHARACTERISTICS: Sexual traumas have been repressed, so the child is socialized by parents and school and learns about the world free of sexual desires. |
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Genital Stage
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AGE: 12 - Adult
EROGENOUS ZONE: Genitals CHARACTERISTICS: At puberty, sexual desires reawaken, and if all went well earlier, child will express "normal" heterosexual desires (meaning viewing sexual intercourse as a means of procreation as the only acceptable form of sexuality). |
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What are the three parts of the Personality?
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1. Id: Centered on seeking pleasure & avoiding pain and is present at birth.
2. Ego: Centered on the reality principle and starts to develop in infancy. The ego balances the demands of the Id and the restrictions of the Superego in order to meet the realities of the situation. 3. Superego: Is the conscience; it tells the person what s/he should or should not do. The superego develops last, starting in early childhood. |
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Id
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Part of the Personality
Centered on seeking pleasure & avoiding pain and is present at birth. |
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Ego
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Part of the Personality
Centered on the reality principle and starts to develop in infancy. The ego balances the demands of the Id and the restrictions of the Superego in order to meet the realities of the situation. |
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Superego
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Part of the Personality
Is the conscience; it tells the person what s/he should or should not do. The superego develops last, starting in early childhood. |
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What are the three levels of personality?
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1. Conscious Mind: Information that readily available to us is stored in the conscious mind.
2. Unconscious Mind: Some information has been repressed because it is sexually charged or includes painful memories. It is only available through hypnosis and is stored in the unconscious mind. Info in the unconscious mind influences our behavior without our being aware of it. 3. Preconscious Mind: The intermediary between the unconscious & conscious minds. We are not usually aware of it, but it pops out in dreams, jokes, and slips of the tongue. |
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Conscious Mind
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Level of Personality
Information that readily available to us is stored in the conscious mind. |
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Unconscious Mind
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Level of Personality
Some information has been repressed because it is sexually charged or includes painful memories. It is only available through hypnosis and is stored in the unconscious mind. Info in the unconscious mind influences our behavior without our being aware of it. |
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Preconscious Mind
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Level of Personality
The intermediary between the unconscious & conscious minds. We are not usually aware of it, but it pops out in dreams, jokes, and slips of the tongue. |
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Defense Mechanisms
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Our Egos must defend us from daily assaults and do so through defense mechanisms. They are largely unconscious.
Repression, Regression, Projection, blaming others, Rationalize, Giving an event a more socially desirable reason than what is actually true. Only harmful if used to excess. |
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What did Freud believe about his stages?
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Freud believed his stages to be universal & inevitable If a person experiences some trauma while passing through a stage, s/he may become fixated at that stage and the adult personality will reflect characteristics of that stage.
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What did Freud believe about Personality?
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Freud thought that personality became fixed fairly early in life and little change occurred in the adult.
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Analysis of what class of people was Freud's theory based on?
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Upper-class, white Europeans.
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Psychodynamic Theories
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Originated with Freud, and they focus on the idea that we have an "unconscious" mind that contains emotionally charged memories of early life experiences. Behaviors are manifestations of our inner minds, but behaviors often have symbolic meanings that are not readily apparent.
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Identification Theory
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Oedipal and Electra Complexes
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