Human Growth And Development Ch. 7-8

Front 1

What age range is known as "The School Years"?

Back 1

Ages 7-11

Front 2

What are the stats of a healthy 11 year old?

Back 2

4 to 4.5 feet tall, 60-75lbs

Front 3

What are the average gains in a healthy 7-11 year old?

Back 3

Gains about 2 inches in height and 5lbs per year.

Tend to be agile and neither too heavy or too thin.

Front 4

What are some health problems that occur?

Back 4

Asthma

Many eat too much, exercise too little,and become overweight or obese.

Front 5

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

Back 5

States that germ phobia leads to an unhealthy immune system.

Front 6

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Back 6

Measures the ratio of weight to height.

Front 7

What is the BMI of an overweight adult?

Back 7

BMI of 25-29

Front 8

What is the BMI of an overweight child?

Back 8

BMI above the 85th percentile

Front 9

What is the BMI of an obese adult?

Back 9

BMI of 30 or more

Front 10

What is the BMI of an obese child?

Back 10

BMI above the 95th percentile

Front 11

What is the percentage of adults with a BMI over 25?

Back 11

60-65%

Front 12

What are the percentages of obese and overweight adults in America?

Back 12

30% are obese and 5% are morbidly obese

Front 13

What was the percentage of obese kids in 1964 and in 2004

Back 13

Went from 5% to 20% (quadrupled)

Front 14

What are the lifetime benefits of physical activity?

Back 14

Better overall health

Less chance of asthma

Less obesity

Appreciation of cooperation and fair-play

Improve problem solving ability

Respect for teammates and opponents of many ethnicities or nationalities.

Front 15

What are some hazards of physical activity?

Back 15

Loss of self-esteem b/c of critical teammates or coaches.

Injuries (such as little league elbow)

Prejudices (especially against the opposite sex)

Increases in stress (evidenced by altered hormone levels, insomnia).

Front 16

What is concrete operational thought?

Back 16

Piaget's 3rd stage of development regarding the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions (e.g. telling time).

Front 17

What is classification (aka-categorization)?

Back 17

Things can be organized into groups according to some characteristics they have in common.

Front 18

What is transitive inference?

Back 18

The ability to figure out the unspoken link b/w one fact and another.

Front 19

What is Seriation?

Back 19

Things can be arranged in a series (e.g.- number sequence).

Front 20

Vgotsky believes that other people are crucial in this?

Back 20

Guiding each child through his or her zone of proximal development.

Front 21

Why does Vgotsky think language is important?

Back 21

It serves as a mediator, a vehicle for understanding and learning.

Front 22

What is information processing theory?

Back 22

A perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analogy,l to computer analysis.

Front 23

What is selective attention?

Back 23

Concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others.

Front 24

What is automatization?

Back 24

Repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions that makes the sequence routine, so it no longer requires conscious thought.

Front 25

What is reaction time?

Back 25

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physcially (reflex, eye blink) or cognitively (thought).

Front 26

What is sensory memory?

Back 26

Incoming stimulus information is stored for a split second to allow it to be processed (sensory register).

Front 27

What are the three types of sensory memory?

Back 27

Haptic memory

Iconic memory (lightning flash)

Coic memory (auditory)

Front 28

What is a working memory?

Back 28

Current, conscious mental activity (short term memory).

Front 29

What is long-term memory?

Back 29

Virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely.

Front 30

What is metacognition?

Back 30

"Thinking about thinking". To evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplish it, then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task (your opinion of how you perform). This is your judgement or estimation.

Front 31

What is metamemory?

Back 31

To understand how memory works in order to use it well. Your impression.

Front 32

When is religion an element in education?

Back 32

In the US for private schools (10%) and home schooled children (2%)

Front 33

What is hidden curriculum?

Back 33

The unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school.

Front 34

What are the pragmatics of language?

Back 34

The ability to switch from one manner of speaking, or language code to another.

Front 35

How are language codes different?

Back 35

Tone, pronunciation, gesture, sentence length, idiom, grammar, and vocabulary.

Front 36

What is 3rd code?

Back 36

Using an abbreviated form of language such as in text messaging and use of emoticions (lol, 411, :) )

Front 37

At what age do children know basic vocals and grammar of their first language and even possess the ability to speak a 2nd or 3rd language?

Back 37

Age 6

Front 38

What is an English Language Learner (ELL)?

Back 38

A Child who is learning English as a second langauge.

Front 39

How many languages do kids from South America typically speak? Asia?

Back 39

2. 3

Front 40

What is bilingual education?

Back 40

Teaching in two languages

Front 41

What is ESL?

Back 41

English as a second language instruction.

Front 42

What is Immersion?

Back 42

Children are taught exclusively in a language that is not spoken at home.

Front 43

What is phonics approach?

Back 43

Teaching reading by first teaching the sounds of each letter and of various letter combinations.

Front 44

What is whole language approach?

Back 44

Teaching reading by encouraging early use of all language skills-talking and listening, reading and writing.

Front 45

What are the Math Wars?

Back 45

Math was previously taught by memorization. Idea that memorization should be stopped and knowledge should be learned by applying math to real world situations.

Front 46

What is the No Child Left Behind Act?

Back 46

A U.S. law enacted in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding by administering tests to measure school achievement.

Front 47

What is National Assessment of Educational Progess (NAEP)?

Back 47

An ongoing and nationally representative measure of US children's achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subject over time; nicknamed "the nation's report card".

Front 48

What is Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)?

Back 48

Inaugurated in 2001, a planned 5 year cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of 4th graders.

Front 49

What is Trends in Math and Science Study (TIMSS)?

Back 49

An international assessment of the match and science skills of 4th and 8th graders. Although it is very useful, different countries' scores are not always comparable because sample selection, test administration, and content validity are hard to keep uniform.

Front 50

What is STEM?

Back 50

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematicsa

Front 51

What percentage of Americans have a college degree?

Back 51

25%

Front 52

What is aptitude?

Back 52

The potential to master a specific skills or to learn a certain body of knowledge (what you could know).

Front 53

What is an IQ test?

Back 53

A test designed to measure intellectual aptitude, or ability to learn in school

Front 54

What is an Intelligence Test Quotient?

Back 54

Mental Age divided by Chronological Age times 100.

Front 55

What is the IQ of an average person?

Back 55

85-115

Front 56

What IQ is considered bright?

Back 56

Above 115

Front 57

What IQ is considered dull?

Back 57

Below 85

Front 58

What IQ is considered Slow Thinking, Intellectually Disabled or Mentally Retarded?

Back 58

Below 70

Front 59

What is an achievement test?

Back 59

A measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, mathematics, writing, science, or some other subject.

Front 60

What is Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?

Back 60

An IQ test designed for school age children. The test assesses potential in many areas, including vocabulary, general knowledge, memory, and spatial comprehension.

Front 61

What is the Flynn effect?

Back 61

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.

Front 62

What is mental retardation?

Back 62

Literally, slow, or late, thinking. In practice, people are considered mentally retarded if they score below 70 on an IQ test and if they are markedly behind peers in the ability to meet the basic requirements of daily life.

Front 63

What is Robert Sternberg's 3 types of intelligence?

Back 63

Academic, measured by IQ and achievement tests

Creative, evidenced by imaginative endeavors

Practical, seen in everyday problem solving.

Front 64

What is Howard Gardner's multiple-intelligence theory?

Back 64

1. Linguistic

2. Logical-mathematical

3. Musical

4. Spatial

5. Bodily-kinesthetic (movement)

6. Interpersonal (social understanding)

7. Intrapersonal (self-understanding)

8. Naturalistic (understanding of nature)

9. Existential (asking questions about life and death).

Front 65

What is developmental psychopathology?

Back 65

The field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders, and vice versa.

Front 66

What can be learned from developmental psychopathology?

Back 66

1. Abnormality is normal

2. Disability changes year by year

3. Adulthood may be better or worse than childhood

4. Diagnosis depends on the social context.

Front 67

What is the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DISM-IV-TR)?

Back 67

The American Psychiatric Association's official guide to the diagnosis (not treatment of mental disorders). IV=4th edition, TR=Text Revision.

Front 68

What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Back 68

A condition in which a person is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive and thus has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments.

Front 69

What is comorbidity?

Back 69

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.

Front 70

What is a learning disability?

Back 70

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment.

Front 71

What is dyslexia?

Back 71

Unusual difficulty with reading, thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.

Front 72

What is autistic spectrum disorder?

Back 72

Any of several disorders characterized by impaired communication, inadequate social skills, and unusual patterns of play.

Front 73

What is autism?

Back 73

A developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorption, and an inability to acquire normal speech.

Front 74

What is Asperger syndrome?

Back 74

An autistic spectrum disorder characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding.

Front 75

What is culture of children?

Back 75

The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.

Front 76

What is social cognition?

Back 76

The ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior.

Front 77

What are aggressive-rejected children?

Back 77

Children who are disliked by peers because of antagonistic,confrontational behavior.

Front 78

What are withdrawn rejected children?

Back 78

Children who are disliked by peers because of their timid, withdrawn and anxious behavior.

Front 79

What is bullying?

Back 79

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.

Front 80

What is bully-victim?

Back 80

Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well. (Also called a provocative victim because he or she does things that elicit bullying, such as stealing a bully's pencil).

Front 81

Friendship and acceptance help with this?

Back 81

Psychosocial development.

Front 82

What is effortful control?

Back 82

Ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort.

Front 83

What is Industry vs. inferiority?

Back 83

The 4th of Erickson's 8 psycho social stages where children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of being industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.

Front 84

What is latency?

Back 84

Freud's theory that says emotional drives are quite and unconscious, sexual conflicts are submerged and sexual energy is channeled into social concerns.

Front 85

What is social comparison?

Back 85

Tendency to assess one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other. Confidence plummets and inhabition rises.

Front 86

What is resilience?

Back 86

The capacity to adapt well despite significant adversity and to overcome serious stress in a dynamic way.

Front 87

How often do genes affect the variance of traits?

Back 87

Over 1/2 or more.

Front 88

What is an example of how the influence of shared environments differs?

Back 88

Children raised in the same household by the same parents DO NOT necessarily share the same home environment.

Changes within the family affects each member differently.

Most parents respond to each child differently.

Front 89

What is family function?

Back 89

The way a family works to meet the needs of it's members.

Front 90

What are the 5 basic family functions?

Back 90

1. Provide basic needs

2. Encourage learning

3. Instill self respect

4. Nurture peer relationships

5. Ensure harmony and stability

Front 91

What is family structure?

Back 91

The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on.

Front 92

What are Lawrence Kohlberg's 3 levels of moral reasoning?

Back 92

1. Preconventional

2. Conventional

3. Postconventional

Front 93

What is Preconventional Moral Reasoning?

Back 93

Emphasizes rewards and punishment.

Front 94

What is Conventional Moral Reasoning?

Back 94

Emphasizes social rules.

Front 95

What is Postconventional Moral Reasoning?

Back 95

Emphasizing moral principles. You must live thought this stage.