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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fertility
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Generally, all aspects of human reproduction that lead to live births; also used specifically to refer to the actual number of live births produced by a woman.
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Demography
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The study of human populations.
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Fecundity
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A biological term; the ability of a woman or man to produce a live child; refers to potential rather than actual number of live births.
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Replacement-level fertility
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The level of fertility at which a couple has only enough children to replace themselves.
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Nuptiality
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The extent to which a population marries.
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Mortality
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Deaths as a component of population change.
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Pandemic
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A term used to designate diseases with very wide distribution (a whole country, or even the world); epidemic diseases have more limited distribution.
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Population Momentum
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The tendency for population growth to continue beyond the time that replacement-level fertility has been reached because of the relatively high number of people in the child-bearing years.
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Doubling Time
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The number of years for the population of an area to double its present size, given the current rate of population growth.
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Carrying Capacity
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The maximum population that can be supported by a given set of resources.
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Population Pyramid
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A diagrammatic representation of age and sex composition of a population. By convention, the younger ages at the bottom, males are on the left and females on the right.
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Sex Ratio
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The number of males per 100 females in a population
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Population Aging
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A process in which the proportion of elderly people in a population increases and the proportion of younger people decreases, resulting in increases median age of the population.
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Limits to Growth
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The argument that both world population and world economy may collapse because available world resources are inadequate.
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Demographic Transition
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The historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a population. Mortality declines before fertility resulting in substantial population increase during the transition phase.
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Gross Domestic Product
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A monetary measure of the value at market prices of goods and services produced by a country over a given time period (usually one year); provides a better indication of domestic production than gross national product.
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Gross National Product/Gross National Income
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A monetary measure of the value at market prices of goods and services produced by a country, plus net income from abroad, over a given period (usually one year).
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Colonialism
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The policy of a state or people seeking to establish and maintain authority over another state or people.
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Dependence/ Dependency
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In political contexts, a relationship in which one state or people is dependent on, and therefore dominated by, another state or people.
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World Systems Theory
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A body of ideas that suggests a division of the world into a core, semi-periphery and periphery, stressing that the periphery is dependent on the core; has numerous implications for an understanding of the less developed world.
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Dependency Theory
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Centres on the relationship between dependence and under-development.
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Undernutrition
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Diet inadequate to sustain normal activity.
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Malnutrition
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A condition caused by a diet lacking some food necessary for health.
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Neo-colonialism
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Economic relationships of dominance and subordination between countries without equivalent political relationships; often develops after political colonialism ends and the former colony achieves independence, but may also occur without prior political colonialism.
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