Human Geography: Chapter 6

Front 1

Agglomeration

Back 1

Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

Front 2

Ancillary activites

Back 2

Economic activites that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service.

Front 3

Anthropocentric

Back 3

Human-centered; in sustainable development, this refers to ideas that focus solely on the needs of people without considering the creatures with whom we share the plant or the ecosystems upon which we depend.

Front 4

Backwash effect

Back 4

The negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region.

Front 5

Break-bulk point

Back 5

A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets.

Front 6

Bulk gaining industries

Back 6

Industries whose products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts. Such industries tend to have production facilities close to their markets.

Front 7

Bulk reducing industries

Back 7

Industries whose final products weigh less than their constituent parts, and shoe processing facilities tend to be located close to sources of raw materials.

Front 8

Conglomerate corporation

Back 8

A firm that is comprised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions.

Front 9

Economic backwaters

Back 9

Regions that fail to gain from national economic development.

Front 10

Ecotourism

Back 10

A form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way.

Front 11

Gross Domestic Product

Back 11

The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year.

Front 12

Gross National Product

Back 12

The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.

Front 13

Human Development Index

Back 13

Measure used by the United Nations that calculates development not in terms of money or productivity but in terms of human welfare. Evaluates human welfare based on three parameters: life expectancy, education, and income.

Front 14

Net National Product

Back 14

A measure of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, including production from investments abroad, minus the loss or degradation of natural resource capital as a result of productivity.

Front 15

Primary economic activities

Back 15

Economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.

Front 16

Purchasing Power Parity

Back 16

A monetary measurement of development that takes into account what money busy in different countries.

Front 17

Quaternary economic activities

Back 17

Economic activities concerned with research, information gathering, and administration.

Front 18

Quinary economic activities

Back 18

The most advanced form of quaternary activities consisting of high-level decision making for large corporations or high-level scientific research.

Front 19

Rostow's stages of development

Back 19

A model of economic development that describes a country's progression which occurs in five stages transforming them from least-developed to most-developed countries.

Front 20

Secondary economic activities

Back 20

Economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation.

Front 21

Service-based economies

Back 21

Highly developed economies that focus on research and development, marketing, tourism, sales, and telecommunications.

Front 22

Tertiary economic activities

Back 22

Activities that provide the market exchange of goods and that bring together consumers and providers of services such as retail, transportation, government, personal, and professional services.

Front 23

World-systems theory

Back 23

Theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that explains the emergence of a core, periphery, and semi-periphery in terms of economic and political connections first established at the beginning of exploration in the late 15th century and maintained through increased economic access up until the present.