Human Geo Unit Vi

Front 1

acid rain

Back 1

conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain snow or fog.

Front 2

air pollution

Back 2

concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulatess at a greater level than occures in average air.

Front 3

break-of-bulk-point

Back 3

a location where transfer is possible form one mode of transportation to another.

Front 4

fordist production

Back 4

assembly line

Front 5

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Back 5

the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year)

Front 6

Human development index (HDI)

Back 6

indicator of level of developement for each country, constructed by United Nations, comibining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

Front 7

maquiladora

Back 7

factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in mexico.
result of NAFTA
less corporate taxes, less labor costs.

Front 8

outsourcing

Back 8

a decision by a corporation to turn over muc of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers

Front 9

threshold

Back 9

the minimum bumber of people needed to support a service

Front 10

range

Back 10

the max. distance ppl are willing to travel to use a service.

Front 11

transnational corporation

Back 11

a company that conducts research, operates factoreis and sells porducts in many countries not just where its heardquters or shareholders are located.(P&G)

Front 12

agglomeration

Back 12

A geographical concentration of people and/or activities .

Industry

Front 13

bid rent theory

Back 13

real estate price relationship in corrolation with distance from CBD of city.

Front 14

comparative advantage

Back 14

the principle that an area produces the items fro which it has the greatest ratio of advantage or the lesat ratio of disadvantage in comparison to other areas, assuming free trade exists.

Front 15

deindustrialization

Back 15

the cumulative and sustained decline in the contribution of manufacturing to a national economy

Front 16

deglomeration

Back 16

the process of deconcentration; the location of industrial or other activities away from extablished agglomerations in response to growing costs of congestion, competition, and regulation

maquiladora, china

Front 17

dependency theory

Back 17

that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

Front 18

primary sector

Back 18

Involves the extraction and production of raw materials, such as corn, coal, wood and iron

Front 19

secondary

Back 19

Involves the transformation of raw or intermediate materials into goods e.g. manufacturing steel into cars, or textiles into clothing. (A builder and a dressmaker would be workers in the secondary sector.)

Front 20

tertary

Back 20

Involves the provision of services to consumers and businesses, such as baby-sitting, cinema and banking. (A shopkeeper and an accountant would be workers in the tertiary sector.)

Front 21

ecotourism

Back 21

is a form of tourism that appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally speaking, ecotourism focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet. It typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions.

Front 22

four little dragons
four tigers

Back 22

refers to the economies of Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea.
-highly/newly industrialized
-education
-big time exportation to US like nations
-dragons-highly influenced by china

Front 23

gross national product

Back 23

value of all goods and services produced in a country in one year, plus income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners in the country"[2].

Front 24

industrial location theory
least cost theory

Back 24

**Alfred Weber

the view that optimum location of a manufacturing extb. is at the place where the costs of trasport and labor and the advatages of agglomeration or deglomeration are most favorable.

Front 25

montreal protocol

Back 25

is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.

clinton

Front 26

multiplier effect

Back 26

the addition of industy, or factories has multiple effects on its surrouding urban district. ei: employment and progress in infrastructure

Front 27

nafta

Back 27

created a single canadian-united states-mexican production and marketing community, turns outsourcing in the norht american context from a serch abroad for low-cost porduction sites to a reiew of best locations within a boradened unified economic enviroment.

Front 28

neo-colonialism

Back 28

a disparaging reference to economic and political policies by which major developed countries are seen to retain or extend influence over the economies of less developed countries and peoples.

Front 29

Rostow Model

Back 29

1. traditional society (pre open door china)
-pre-technology
2. precondition for take-off
-education
-capital mobilization (investment) euro. sphere of influence
3. Take off
-a few sectors grow
-transition stage (textiles, hydroelectric power, steel)
4.Drive to Maturity
-economy diversifies (no longer relying on europe)
5. age of mass consumption
-leave heavy to light industry
-US

Front 30

specialized economic zones

Back 30

Third level of cities (behind World Cities, and Command and Control Centers), offer a narrow and highly specialized variety of services. Typically specialize in management, research and development of a specific industry (motor vehicles in Detroit), or are centers of government and education, notably state capitals that also have a major university (Albany, Lansing, Madison, or Raleigh-Durham).

Front 31

substition principal

Back 31

in industry the tendancy to substitute one factor of production for another in order to achieve optimum plant location.

Front 32

variable costs

Back 32

a cost of enterprise operation that varies either by out put level or by location of the activity.

**TAXI SERVICE (fuel)

Front 33

world system theory

Back 33

refers to perspective that seeks to explain the dynamics of the “capitalist world economy” as a “total social system”
- Important because explains the power hierarchy in which powerful and wealthy "core" societies dominate and exploit weak and poor peripheral societies.