Human Exceptionality Final Exam Review

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Audition

Back 1

the act or sense of hearing

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Total communication

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the philosophy that people with hearing impairments learn to communicate best through simultaneous presentation of manual and oral techniques

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Otologist

Back 3

a medical specialist involved in the study of the ear and its diseases

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Audiologist

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a specialist in the assessment of a person's hearing ability

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Audiometer

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an electronic device used to detect a person's response to sound stimuli

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Legal blindness

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visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the best eye with correction, as measured on the Snellen test, or a visual field of 20% or less

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Hyperopia

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farsightedness; a refractive problem wherein the eyeball is excessively short, focusing light rays behind the retina

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Myopia

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nearsightedness; a refractive problem wherein the eye ball is excessively long focusing light in front of the retina

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Astigmatism

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a refractive eye problem that occurs when the surface of the cornea is uneven or structurally defective, preventing light rays from converging at one point

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Cataracts

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a clouding of the eye lens, which becomes opaque, resulting in vision problems

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Nystagmus

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uncontrolled rapid eye movements

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Strabismus

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crossed eyes (internal) or eyes that look outward(external)

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Glaucoma

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a disorder of the eye, which is characterized by high pressure inside the eyeball

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Cerebral Palsy (CP)

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a neurological disorder characterized by motor problems, general physical weakness, lack of coordination, and perceptual difficulties

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Spastic CP

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most common type of CP;
one or more tight muscle groups which limit movement; stiff jerky movements

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Athetoid CP

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type of CP;
involuntary, purposeless movement

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Ataxic CP

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type of CP;
defect of the spinal column; low muscle tone;
poor movements;
disturbed sense of balance and depth perception

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Spina Bifada (SB)

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a developmental defect of the spinal column

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SB Occulta

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mild form of SB; an oblique spilt is present in one or several of the vertebral structures

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SB Cysticca

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malformation of the spinal column on which a tumor like sac is produced on the infant's back

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Spinal cord injury

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an injury in which the spinal cord is traumatized or transected

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Teratogens

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substances or conditions that cause malformations

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Muscular Dystrophy

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a group of inherited, chronic disorders that are characterized by gradual wasting and weakening of the voluntary skeletal muslces

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HIV

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Human immunodeficiency virus;
a virus that reduces immune system function and has been linked to AIDS

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AIDS

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Acuqired immunodeficiency syndrome;
the symptomatic clinical manifestation of impaired cellular immunity due to HIV

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Opportunistic infection

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an infection caused by germs that are not usually capable of causing infection in healthy people but can do so given certain changes in the immune system (opportunity)

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Seizure disorder/Epilepsy

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a condition that from time to time produces brief disturbances in the normal electrical functions of the brain, affecting a person's consciousness, bodily movements, or sensations;
the intensity and length of these effects depend on the severity of the seizure

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Aura

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a sensation that is experienced just before a seizure and that the person is able to remember

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Tonic/clonic

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seizures in which the entire brain is effected; characterized by stiffness of the body, followed by a phase of rapid muslce contractions (extreme shaking)

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Absence seizures

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seizures characterized by brief lapses of consciousness, usually lasting no more than ten seconds;
eye blinking and twitching of the mouth may accompany these seizures

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Mental age

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a concept used in psychological assessment that arrives at the general mental ability of a child or youth by matching the tasks the child is abl to perform to a scale of typical performance of children at various stages

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Paraplegia

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paralysis that involves the legs only

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Quadriplegia

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a condition characterized by paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk

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Hemiplegia

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paralysis that involves one side of the body

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When do most spinal cord injuries occur?

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summer months

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What % of SCI are alcohol related?

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25%

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Diabetes is a condition in which there is ......

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an inadequet secretion or use of insulin

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Cystic Fibrosis is a disorder of .....

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the exocrine glands

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Sickle Cell is a result of ....

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the meoglobin molecule in red blood cells being abnormal and thus vulnerable to strucutral collapse when the blood-oxgen level is significantly diminished

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What % of women of child bearing age are substance abusers?

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15%

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What method is most commonly used to provide services to students who are gifted?

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Pull Out

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Describe the characteristics of children born from a substance abuser and what the classroom teacher should provide.

Back 42

low birth weight
exhibit tremors
problems sleeping and eating
impaired cognitive development
behavior and learing problems
delayed expressive language
impeded motor development
well-structured learning environments
small classes
procide develpmentally appropriate learing evincomrns
visual stimulations
expermeintal activities

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Otitis Media

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inflammation of the inner ear;
most common cause of condusive hearing loss in younger children

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Tinnitus

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high-pitched throbbing or ringing sounds in the ear; assocaited with disease of the inner ear