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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Locus
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Location of a gene on a chromosome
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Allele
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Variant form of a gene
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Homozygous
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e.g TT or tt
have the same allele at both loci of a gene |
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Heterozygous
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Having two different alleles at the loci of a gene
e.g Tt or tT. |
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George Mendel ( 1812- 1884)
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father of genetics
experiment on garden peas inheritance concept - segregation - independant assortment |
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Mendal's Law of Segregation
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Two alleles of a gene found on each pair of chromosomes segregate into gametes.
- Dominant alleles -Recessive alleles |
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Dominant Allele
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allele always expressed if present
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Recessive Allele
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Overshadowed in the presence of a dominant allele
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Genotype
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Genetic make up
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Phenotype
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physical expression/ characteristics
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Gametes
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Sex Cells
Haploid |
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Zygote
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Fertilised Egg
Diploid |
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Mendel's 2nd Law - Independant Assortment
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Traits from different genes sort independantly
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Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)
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P2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, p + q = 1
Dominant Alleles e.g CC = p (squared) Recessive Allele e.g cc = q (squared) Heterozygous Cc = 2 x p x q |
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HWE Condition
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No factors of evolution
no gene flow no gene drift no mutation no natural selection large population size sexual repoduction |