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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the earliest deglaciated route?
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coastal; west coast of N. America
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When was this blocked route first colonized
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13,500
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Why go the coastal path?
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Interior routes were blocked by interior glaciers between Beringia and the Southern areas of North America (11,000 bp)
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Site that predates the opening of the mid-continental route
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Monte Verde
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What Monte Verde indicates
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they predate the opening of the mid-continental route indicating peoples were south of the continetal glaciers prior to deglaciation, 11,000 bp
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When do reliably dated human remains first appear in N. America?
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Between 11,000 and 11,500 bp
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What do these first human remains provide?
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limiting minimum dates for human occupation and suggesting human colonization occurred earlier
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When was regional cultural adaptation under way in N. America?
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11,000 to 12,000 bp - suggests earlier migration
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When did the Paleoindian tradition spread from south to north?
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10,500 bp - indicating people were south of the continental ice prior to deglaciation, 11,000 bp.
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How did the Paleoindians subsist?
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they had an economic system rooted in general foraging, not specialized big game hunting
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What was the New World's first weapon system?
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The foreshaft/harpoon/end-blade atlatl dart assembly
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This weapon can be traced to:
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coastal marine mammal hunting instead of large terrestrial mammal hunting
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Evidence from other regions of the world indicates that:
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humans had watercraft and the ability to navigate near-shore ocean waters prior to 14,000 b p
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The two major colonizing events:
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13,500 bp using the atlatl and 10,500 bp introducing the bow and arrow
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Khosian
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Main people of Africa (San-Bushman) and Congo-Kordofanian
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Swahili
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African Bantu language
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Indic
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Majority of India, to Pakistan and Burma and Himilayas down to central India
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Dardic language
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Northern portion of India (Kashmir region)
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Iranic language
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Pakistan and Afghanistan
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Indic, Iranic and Dardic
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members of the Indo-European language family (aligned with Europe)
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Dravidian
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souther third of Indian peninsula; represented by Tamil peoples of S. India and Sri Lanka
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Sino-Tibetan origin
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southern slopes of Himilayas from Kashmir to Burma
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Tribals
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Peoples of India's northeast region
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Malay people
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Malay peninsula and most of Indonesia; many ethnic subgroups in this region (ex: Java has 5 distinct ethnic groups)
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Aborginals
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far eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, and Australia (aborginees)
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Australia
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some claim there were 500 languages in this country when the Europeans arrived
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Han people
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China and Taiwan; dominant ethnic group
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Tibetan people
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southern Tibet
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Manchu
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Northeast Manchuria of China
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Mongolian
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northern China (separated by the great wall
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Korean people are related to
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Mongolian people
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Ainu
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Japan, Hakkaido, Juril Islands and Sakhalin peoples
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Mandarin language
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national language of China
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Uralic
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colonized Arctic region of Europe and western Siberia (Russia)
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Altaic
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colonized eastern portions of southern Siberia (Altai Mountains in central Asia)
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Aleut
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AKA Eskimo; colonized Greenland, Aalska, and northern Canada
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Athapaskan (athabaskan people)
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central Canada and inland Alaska
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Apache and California tribes
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related to Athapaskan
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Algonkian (algonquin) people
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colonized small areas of northeastern Canada and New England tribes from Virginia across to the Rocky Mountains
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Polynesia
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colonized by the Asia people
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Native Hawaiians
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rare
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New Zealand
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colonized by Polynesian people
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Neolithic period marked a turning point for humans...why?
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humans stopped being controlled by climate and chose to stay in certain areas
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Neolithic period 2 developments:
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choise to not wander but stay in one place; practices environmental control and agriculture and 2 increased population denisty when they stopped moving
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Population of the earth when agriculture originated
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10 M
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Population in 1750 (start of the Industrial revolution)
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500 million
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Population today
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68
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Neolithic period demonstrates importance of
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new technolgy to human migration
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First major technological development of the last 10,000 years
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Agriculture
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first Big Bang
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colonizing the world
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second big bang
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agriculture
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Plant species
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Millet (Yellow River) and Rice (Yangtze River)
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Grain stored in
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pottery
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China - rice grown
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in the South by 5,000 bc
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Taiwan - rice grown
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by 3500 bc
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Rice in Borneo and Sumatra
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2000 bc
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Rice grown in the rest of the Indonesian archipelago
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1500 bc
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Rice agriculture spread to islands of southeast Asia over
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3,000 years - similar to agriculture expansion in Europe
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1st agriculturalists were descendants of
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m175
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Half of the entire male population of China have Y-chromosomes defined by marker from
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M175
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M122 now widespread throughout
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east Asia
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M122 not found
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west of the great central Asian mountain ranges, and does not occur at all in the Middle east or Europe
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Rice agriculture in E. Asia created
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a Wave of Advance
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Wave of abundance in Europe
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dissipated after inundating the Meterranean
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Wave of abundance in China
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saturated all of east Asia
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Today M122 chromosomes are high in
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China and Taiwan but drops significantly moving southward into peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia
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Population explosion in China parallels the spread of
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rice agriculture
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Neolithic immigrants account for
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20 percent of the present Y diversity
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