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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 hormones that control the calcium balance?
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Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin Vitamin D |
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Calcitonin (increase/decrease) calcium
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decrease
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Parathyroid hormone (increase/decrease) calcium
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increase
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What are the 3 target sites
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Bones
Digestive tract Kidney |
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Calcitonin are released from the
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thyroid gland
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An increase in calcitonin will (increase/decrease) calcium uptake in intestine
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decrease
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An increase in calcitonin will (increase/decrease) calcium reabsorption from urine
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decrease
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An increase in calcitonin will (increase/decrease) calcium deposition in bones
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increase
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Calcitonin is released when calcium levels are too (high/low)
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high
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PTH is released when calcium levels are too (high/low)
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low
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An increase in PTH causes an (increase/decrease) in calcium release from the bone
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increase
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An increase in PTH causes an (increase/decrease) in calcium uptake in intestine
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increase
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An increase in PTH causes an (increase/decrease) in calcium reabsorption from urine
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increase
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Synthesis of calcitrol occurs in the
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kidney
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Enzyme 1 alpha-hydroxylase is activated by
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PTH
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What changes 7-dehydrocholesterol into cholecalciferol?
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UV light
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Vitamin moves into which organ to produce 25-hydroxycholecalciferol?
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In the liver
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25OHD3 breaks up to produce
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calcitriol
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Calcitonin (stimulate/inhibit) osteoclasts
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inhibit
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Calcitonin (increase/decrease) calcium levels
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decrease
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Hypercalcemia is when Ca2+ concentration of the ECF is more than...
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3mmol/L
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What is the cause of hypercalcemia?
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hyperparathyroidism - oversecretion of PTH
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What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?
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Fatigue
Confusion Cardiac arrhythmias Calcification of kidneys and soft tissues |
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What is the treatment to hypercalcemia?
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infusion of hypotonic fluid
Remove parathyroid gland administer calcitonin |
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Hypocalcemia is when Ca2+ concentration of the ECF is less than...
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2.1mmol/L
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What is the cause of hypocalcemia?
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hypoparathyroidism
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What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia?
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Muscle spasm
convulsions Weak heartbeats Cardiac arrhythmia osteoporosis |
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What are the treatments of hypocalcemia?
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calcium supplement
admin VIT D |
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How many grams of phosphate ions is bound in mineral salts of skeleton?
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740
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Phosphate most important function lies in the ....
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intracellular fluid (ICF)
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What is the phosphate concentration in plasma?
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2.3mmol/l-1
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Phosphate balance is under the control of what hormone?
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PTH
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PTH (increase/decrease) phosphate level
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decrease
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what is the chronic symptoms of hyperphosphatemia?
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calcification of soft tissue
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What is the cause of hyperphosphatemia?
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high dietary phosphate intake
hypothyroidism |
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What is the treatment of hyperphosphatemia?
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dietary reduction
PTH supplement |
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What is the symptoms of hypophostatemia?
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anorexia, dizziness, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, osteoporosis
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What is the cause of hypophosphatemia?
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poor diet
kidney disease malabsorption syndrome hyperparathyroidism Vit D deficiency |
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What is the treatment for hypophosphatemia?
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dietary improvement
Vit D Calcitrol supplementation |
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PTH (increase/decrease) phosphate level
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decrease
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