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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The left kidney's blood returns the systemic circulation via
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renal vein
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The right kidney's blood returns the systemic circulation via
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inferior vena cava
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The adrenal medulla is derived from ectodermal cells of the ....
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neural crest
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The cells of the medulla are modified
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sympathetic post ganglionic fibre
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The cortex is derived from the _______ and is specialised for secretion of steroid hormones
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mesoderm
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In the foetus the medulla can secrete ________ in response to hypoxia stress and immediately after delivery in response to cold stress
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catecholamines
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The definitive cortex converts ________ to cortisol
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progesterone
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What is the function of cortisol?
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Lung and liver maturation
Production of surfactant Role in parturition |
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The foetal zone produces the precursor for placental synthesis of
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oestrogen
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What is the 2 main subdivision in the adult kidney gland?
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Cortex
Medulla |
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What is the 3 subdivision in the cortex?
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Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasiculata Zona reticularis |
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What is the function of the zona glomerulosa?
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To secrete steroids called minerlocarticoid (aldosterone) regulate mineral metabolism
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What is the function of zona fasiculata?
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To secrete glucocorticoid steroids after the metabolism of carbohydrate and fats ad proteins
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What is the function of zona reticularis?
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secretes sex steroids
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What is the function of the adrenal medulla?
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To secrete catecolamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What is the target organ of aldosterone?
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The distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney
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Aldosterone causes an (increase/decrease) in sodium reabsorption
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increase
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Aldosterone causes an (increase/decrease) in potassium reabsorption
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increase
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Aldosterone causes an (increase/decrease) in hydrogen reabsorption
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increase
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What is the net effect of aldosterone?
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Salt retention and alkalosis
- Long term regulation of blood volume and pressure |
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What is the function of the glucocoticoid cortisol?
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-conversion of proteins to glycogen
-stimulate the appetite and metabolism of fat -immunosuppressant -anti-inflammatory - anti-allergy |
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The plasma contains a specific corticosteroid binding globulin known as a........
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transcortin
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Transcortin binds to ____ of the circulating cortisol
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80
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20 percent of circulating cortisol is bound to
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serum albumin
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Transcortin has a (greater/lower) affinity for aldosterone
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lower
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What 2 factors affect aldosterone secretion?
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Level of potassium
Changes in plasma volume |
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An increase in potassium (stimulates/inhibit) aldosterone
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stimulate
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Decrease in blood volume or perfusion pressure release ____ from the juxtaglomerular apparatus
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renin
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Angiotensinagen is converted to angiotension I by
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Renin
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Where is Angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?
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Lungs
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Angiotensin II causes..... in blood vessel
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Vasoconstriction = increase blood pressure
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The sympathetic preganglionic fibers are innervated and this stimulates
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chromaffin cells
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Chromaffin cells secretes
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catecholamine
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The cortex secretes
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steroids
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What are the 3 catecholamines produced by the medullary catecholamines?
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Dopamine
Norepinephrine Epinephrin |
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Control of the secretion of catecholamines is dependent on the activity of the ______ nerve
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splanchnic nerve
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Receptor alpha has a high affinity for.....
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norepinephrine
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Receptor beta has a high affinity for.....
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epinephrine
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What breaks down catecholamines?
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Catechol-O-methytranspherase
Monoamine oxidase |
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What is the term for the overproduction of corticosteroids due to tumour in chromaffin tissues?
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Phaeochromocytoma
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Secretion of cortisol is under the control of
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ACTH
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Where is ACTH released from?
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Anterior pituitary gland
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What are the 3 disorder of the corticosteroid secretion?
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Cushing syndrome
Addison's disease Hyperaldosteronism |
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Cushing syndrome is induced by
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ACTH secreting tumour or long term use of synthetic glucorticoids
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Addison disease is due to....
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Failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol and aldosterone
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Lack of cortisol leads to
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Hypoglycaemia
Loss of appetite and muscle weakness Increased ACTH and CRH resulting in hyperpigmentation |
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Lack of aldosterone leads to
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Na loss and therefore increased rening levels and hypotension
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