Human Ecology Unit 2 Missed Quiz Questions

Front 1

The rate at which the human population has been growing is

Back 1

decreasing.

Front 2

Birthrate is termed "natality." True or false.

Back 2

True

Front 3

The invention of the ____________ dramatically increased the demand for oil products.

Back 3

Selected Answer:

combustion engine

Correct Answer:

automobile

Front 4

The Chinese used some oil and natural gas as early as 1000 B.C

True or False

Back 4

True

Front 5

People in the U.S. use approximately __________ the amount of energy per capita as people in France and Japan.

Back 5

twice

Front 6

The country with the largest natural gas reserves is

Back 6

Russia.

Front 7

Some countries that use peat for fuel include

Back 7

Ireland.

Front 8

The population in a country like Kenya, which has a large number of young, prereproductive individuals, would be expected to ___.

Back 8

Correct Answer:A. increase rapidly for some time

Front 9

population growth rate

Back 9

birthrate minus the death rate.for humans itsexpressed as a % of the total population

Front 10

dispersal

Back 10

- movement from densely populated locations to new areas inanimals.

- relieves overcrowded conditions i the home area and increase thepopulation in the places migrated to

- often juvenile individuals are the ones that emigrate (moveaway)

Front 11

populationgrowth curve

Back 11

consists of 5 stages

1. lag phase

2. exponential growth phase (log phase)

3. deceleration phase

4. stable equilibrium phase

5. death phaseB

Front 12

decelerationphase

Back 12

populationgrowth rate begins to slow as the death and birthrate closer to equal

Front 13

environmentalresistance

Back 13

all of thedifferent limiting factors that act on a population collectively

Front 14

4 broadcategories recognized as limiting factors of environmental resistance.

Back 14

1. availability of raw materials;

2. availability of energy

3. accumulation of waste products: doesn't normally effectplants since they generate little waste

4. interactions among organisms

Front 15

population cycles

Back 15

- periods of relatively large populations followed by periods ofsmall populations

- generally happens in northern regions of the world for animalshappens because ecosystems are relatively simplistic with feworganisms affecting one another

Front 16

factorscontributing to environmentally negative impacts due to human population growth

Back 16

1. famine in areas where food production cannot keep pace withincreasing numbers of people

2. political unrest in areas with great disparities in theavailability of resources (jobs, goods, food)

3. environmental degradation (erosion, desertification, stripmining, oil spills, groundwater mining) caused by poor agricultural practicesand the destructive effects of exploitation of natural resources

4. water pollution caused by human and industrial waste

5. air pollution caused by the human need to use energy forpersonal and industrial applications

6. extinctions caused by people converting natural ecosystems tomanaged agricultural ecosystems.

Front 17

biological factors influencing human populationgrowth

Back 17

1.birthrate and death rates2. total fertility rate3. age distribution

Front 18

4 factors affecting human population carryingcapacity

Back 18

1. available raw materials

2. available energy

3. waste disposal: includes pollution, sewage treatment

4. interaction with otherorganisms: all people are dependent the broader ecological services provided bya diverse planet

Front 19

natural gas

Back 19

-started out as oil waste product

- first oil pipeline constructed during WW2 1943- eventually privatized and used to transport natural gas

- today 25% of energy use is from natural gas

Front 20

residential andcommercial energy use

Back 20

- rates used varies throughout the world

- residential use largelydepends on local climate

Front 21

% of energy from each energy source

Back 21

- oil: 35%

- coal: 29%

- natural gas: 24%

- nuclear and hydro-power: 12%

Front 22

renewable energysources

Back 22

- energy sources thatreplenish themselves or are continuously present as a feature of the solarsystem.

- 12% of all energy usein renewable, most of which is hydroelectricity and firewood.

Front 23

6 steps to nuclear fuel cycle

Back 23

1. mining and milling

2. enrichment

3. fuel fabrication

4. use of the fuel

5. reprocessing or storage

6. transportation

Front 24

mining and milling

Back 24

- low grade uranium ore obtained by mining, has 0.2% uranium byweight

- milling crushes and treated with solvent to concentrate theore producing yellow cake (70-90% uranium oxide

Front 25

Enrichment

Back 25

- 99.3% of all naturally occurring uranium can't be used forfuel, 0.7% is U-235 and fissionable

- difficult and expensive to do

- uses centrifuges increases U-235 to 3%

Front 26

use of the fuel

Back 26

- decrease the amount of U-235 in fuel rods over time

- lasts about 3 years before needing replacement

- spent rods stills radioactive, containing 1% U-235 and 1%plutonium

Front 27

waste

Back 27

- industries like lumber mills, paper mills, and processingsugar from sugar cane produce biomass waste

- industries usual burn on site to power operations

- 60% of solid municipal waste is biomass that can be burned forenergy, must be sorted by residents and businesses but can be costly

Front 28

Daylighting

Back 28

- use of natural sunlight to brighten interior buildings,reducing need for electrical lights

- clerestory: row ofwindows near the peak of a roof, used in open floor plans, used on north sidesof buildings

Front 29

Biomass

Back 29

- all human energy came from this source prior to the industrialrevolution

- primarily used for energy in the developing nations

- 4 types: fuel wood, waste, crop residues/animal waste, energyplantations