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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functional age
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actual competence and performance
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average life expectancy
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the number of years that an individual born in a particular year can expect to live, starting at any given age.
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the leading cause of overal adult death in north america?
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heart disease
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active life span
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the number of years of vigorous, healthy life an individual born in a particular year can expect.
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the fastest growing segment of senior citizens is?
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the 85-and-older group, who currently make up 1% of americans
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cataracts
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middle to old age, cloudy areas in the lens. Increase, resulting in foggy vision and (without surgery) eventual blindness.
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differences in rates of chronic illness and in life expectancy between higher SES whites and low SES ethnic minorities________ overtime
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declines
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life expectancy crossover
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surviving members of low SES ethnic minority groupslive longer than members of the white majority.
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maximum lifespan
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the genetic limit to length of life for a person free of external risk factors
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macular degeneration
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when lifght-sensitive cells in the macula, or central region of the retina, break down, older adults ay develop this. In which central vision blurs and graudally is lost.
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___________ is the leadig cause of blindness among older adults.
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macular degeneration
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the ability to detect the content and emotionally expressive features of conversation ______ after age 70
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declines
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why is there an increase in the likelihood of deficienceis in the elderly person's diet?
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Taste is harder to detect, food is less enjoyable
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decreased touch sensitivity may be due to________?
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loss of touch receptors in certain regios of the skin and slowng of blood circulation to extremities.
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autoimmune response
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the immune system malfunctions and turns against normal body tissue
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sleep apnea
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a condition in which breathing ceases for 10 seconds or longer, resulting in many brief awakenings.
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assistive technology
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array of devices that permit people with disabilities to improve their functioning
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compression of morbididty
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the public health goal of reducing the average period of diminished vigor before death as life expectancy extends. So far, persistence of poverty and negative lifestyle factors have interfered with progress toward this goal.
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primary aging (biological aging)
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genetically influenced declines that affect all members of our species and take place even in the context of overall good health
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secondary aging
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declines due to hereditary defects and negative environmental influences, such as poor diet, lack of edercise, disease, substance abuse, environmental pollution, and psychological stress
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frailty
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involves weakened functioning of diverse organs and body systems, which profoundly interferes with everyday competence and leaves the older adult highly vulnerable in the face of an infection, extremely hot or cold weather, or an injury.
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arthiritis
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a condition of inflamed, painful, stiff, and sometimes swolled joints and muscles
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osteoarthritis
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the most common type, which involves deteriorating cartilage on the ends of bones of frequently used joints.
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"wear-and-tear arthritis"
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osteoarthritis
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rheumatoid arthritis
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invovles the whole body. and autoimune response leads to inflammation of connective tissue, particualrly the membranes that line the joints, resulting in overall stiffness, inflammation and aching. tissue in the carilage tends to grow, damaging surround ligaments, muscles, and bones. the result is deforrmed jointa and often serious loss of mobility.
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the leading type of accident among elderly_________?
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Falls. Vision, hearing mobility and cognitivve functioning and the development of certain chronic illnesses (ex. arthritis) make it harder to avoid hazards andkeep one's balance- increase the risk of falling in late adulthood.
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dementia
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refers to a set of disorders occuriring almost entirely in old age in which many aspects of thought and behavior are so impaired that everyday activities are disrupted.
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alzheimer's disease
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he most comoon form of dementia, in which structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with graual loss of many aspects of thought and behavior
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neurofibrillary tangles
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a structual change in the brain asociated with Alzheimer's disease in which bundles of twisted threatds appear that re the product of collapsed neural structures.
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amyloid plaques
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a structural change in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease in which dense deposits of a deteriorated protein called amyloid are surroinded by clumps of dead nerve and glial cells.
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cerebrovascular dementia
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a series of strokes leaves areas of dead brain cells, producing step-by-step degeneration of mental ability, with each step occuring abruptly after a stroke.
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selective optimization with compensation
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narrowing their goals, they select personally valued activities to optimize (or maximise) returns from their diminishing energy. They also find new ways to compensate for losses.
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implicit memory
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memory without conscious awareness
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associative memory deficit
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difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information
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remote memory
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very long-term recall
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prospective memory
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refers to remembering to engage in planned actions in th future.
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wisdom
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a form of cognition that combines breadth ad depth of practical knowledge; ability to reflect on and apply that knowledge in ways that make life more bearable and worthwhile; emotional maturity, including the ability to listen, evaluate, and give advice and altruistic creativity-contributing to humanity and enriching others' lives.
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terminal decline
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referst to marked acceleration in derterioration of cognitive functioning prior to death
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