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4 Cards in this Set
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Psychoanalytic Theory
Freud: The Oral and Anal Stages |
Oral Stage (1st year):
The mouth is the young infant's primary source of gratification. Anal Stage (2nd Year): The infants main pleasure comes from the anus-particularly from the sensual pleasure of bowel movements and, eventually, the psychological pleasure of controlling them. *Both the oral and anal stages are fraught with potential conflicts that have long-term consequences. **A person can be stuck (fixated) at a stage if didn't fulfil it |
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Psychoanalytic Theory
Erikson: Trust and Autonomy |
Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to one):
1st crisis of psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic nneeds (for food, comfort, attention, and so on) are met. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3 yrs): Erikson's second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies *Erikson also believes probs in early infance could last a lifetime. **He took culture into account. |
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Cognitive Theory
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-Thoughts and values determine a person's perspective.
-Thinking is affected both by the person's age and by cultural values, and thoughts affect emotions. Cognition guides parents as well as infants. -Early EXPERIENCES are important because beliefs, perceptions, and memories make them so, not because they are buried in the unconscious (psychoanalytic) or burned into the brain (behaviorism). -A child's INTERPRETATION of early experiences that is crucial, not necessarily the experiences themselves. -People can rethink and reorganize their thoughts, developing new working models that are more positive than their original ones. Ex. a mistrustful girl can learn to trust if her later experiences-such as marriage to a faithful and loving husband-provide a new model |
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Cognitive Theory
Working Model |
In cognitive theory, a set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences. For example, a person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by evidence that this working model of human behavior is erroneous
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