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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Human development
scientific study of processes of change and stability throughout the human life span
Life-span development
concept of human development as a lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically.
physical development
growth of body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory capacities, motor skills, and health
cognitive development
pattern of change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
psychosocial development
Pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships
social construction
a concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to thsoe who accept it, but that in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society
individual differences
differences in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes
heredity
inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents
environment
totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influences on development
maturation
unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes
nuclear family
two-generational kinship, economic, and household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological children, adopted children, or stepchildren
extended family
multigenerational kinship network of parents, children, and other relatives, sometimes living together in an extended-family household
socioeconomic status (SES)
combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family including income, education, and occupation
risk factors
conditions that increase the liklihood of a negative developmental outcome
culture
A society's or group's total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and phyiscal products- all learned behavior, passed on from parents to children.
Ethnic group
a group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, and/or national origins, which contribute to a sense of shared identity.
Ethnic gloss
overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group.
normative
characteristics of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group
cohort
a group of people born at about the same time
historical generation
a group of people strongly influenced by a major historical event during their formative period
nonnormative
Characteristics of an unusual event that happens to a partiuclar person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life.
imprinting
Instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother.
critical period
specific time when a given event or its absence has a specific impact on development
plasticity
Range of modifiability of performance
sensitive periods
Times in development when a person is partiuclarly open to certain kinds of experiences