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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hCG? released from? |
Released from syncytiotrophoblast of chorion -maintains corpus luteum (until placenta is developed) -corpus luteum --> estrogen + progesterone -prepares mammary glands + uterine lining -also releases relaxin --> flex of pubic symphysis and cervix dilation |
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When is placenta fully developed? |
12th week or 3rd month |
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when can you start testing for hCG in urine? |
8 days after fertilization -false neg and pos because of poteins, steroids, thyroid drugs |
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What causes weight gain? edema in lower limbs? nausea? |
-estrogen -lying down compresses IVC -progesterone |
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Tidal vol, exp reserve vol, airway resistance, total body oxygen consumption |
tidal vol: inc exp reserve vol: dec airway resistance: dec total body oxygen consumption: inc |
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Progesterone in parturition |
Decreases uterine contractions -levels must be overcome by estrogen |
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Role of estrogen in labor? Relaxin? Prostaglandins? |
Estrogen = inc oxytocin receptors (uterus) -release prostaglandins Relaxin + PG: inc pubic symphysis flexibility -cervical dilationq |
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What produces the estrogen needed to overcome progesterone's inhibiting effects during labor? |
placenta inc CRH --> inc ACTH (fetal ant. pit) --> inc cortisol and DHEA (fetal adrenal gland) DHEA = primary male androgen made by adrenal gland DHEA converted to estrogen by placenta |
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True vs False Labor |
True: contractions = regular with (back) pain, cervical dilation & show False: contractions = irregular, no pain, no cervical dilation |
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3 stages of labor? |
1. Dilation: reg. contractions, amniotic sac rupture, dilation cervix 2. Expulsion: baby moves through birth canal 3. Placental: uterine contractions, constrict torn bv |
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Fetal stress |
If fetal head is compressed --> intermittent hypoxia (umbilical cord compressed) -fetal adrenal medulla --> epi and norepi -clear lungs, mobilize nutrients, inc blood flow to brain and heart |
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Dystocia? Marked by? |
Difficult labor -bad fetal position; birth canal too small -C section |
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Puerperium? |
Time until 6 weeks post delivery -organs return back to normal -uterus involution (dec size) -lochia (discharge) |
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Fetal respiratory system after birth |
Cord = cut --> inc CO2 respiratory center = stimulated --> muscle contractions |
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Fetal CV system after birth |
Foramen ovale = closed at moment of birth -deox blood goes to lungs -fossa ovalis = remnant Ductus arteriosus --> ligamentum arteriousum Umbilical vein --> ligamentum venosum |
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Lactation? Effects on prolactin, progesterone |
-Production and release -PRL inc during pregnancy -progesterone inhibits PRL until delivery |
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Suckling |
hypothalamus --> prolactin releasing hormone and inhibits PIH -ant pit --> prolactin also increases oxytocin (post pit) -help second child come, expel placenta, control hemorrhage |
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Colostrum |
cloudy fluids from mammary glands -late pregnancy and 1st 4 days after birth -not as nutritious as milk -has antibodies |
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Breast feeding and menstrual cycles |
Stop ovarian cycles for first few months if feeding happens around 10x a day -dec GnRH --> dec LH & FSH |
