Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is human development?
|
The sequence of biophysical, psychosocial and cognitive developmental changes over the human lifespan that allows the individual complex adaptation to the environment in order to function within society.
|
|
|
The sequence of each growth stage is predictable how does is occur?
|
Occurs from head to toe, from the center outward, simple to complex from generalized to specific, some stages are more critical than others, pace is uneven. *Rate of growth is individualized* |
|
|
Do all delayed development happen at birth?
|
No, accidents can cause delayed development
|
|
|
How does development occur?
|
It is simultaneous and ongoing
|
|
|
_____ _______ is the changes in the body tissues and organ systems and resultant changes in body proportions.
|
Physical growth
|
|
|
Which skills involve the use of large muscles?
|
Gross motor skills
|
|
|
Fine motor skills involve what?
|
Small muscle in a precise manner
|
|
|
What are The six Maslow Hierarchy of Needs? (most important to least) |
>Physiological needs- include water, air, food, elimination and rest. Apply to all age groups! >Activity-include the need for stimulation, novelty, change. Applies to all age groups! >Safety + Protection-including providing a safe environment and protecting from harm. All age groups! >Love+ Belonging- Feeling of belonging to someone or some group. All age groups! >Esteem0 is the need to respect oneself and to be respected by others. School age children and older! >Self Actualization- state of becoming a complete person, fulfilling ones greatest potential |
|
|
Erik Erikson Theory
|
Successfully resolve conflict at each stage in order to move to next
|
|
|
What are the 8 stages of development in Erik Erikson's theory?
|
>Trust/Mistrust- birth-1 year >Autonomy/Shame- 1-3 years >Initiative/Guilt- 3-6 years >Industry/Inferiority- 6-12 years >Identity/Role Diffusion- 12-18 years >Intimacy/Isolation- 18-25 years >Generativity vs self absorption+ stagnation- 25-65 years >Integrity vs Despair- 65-death |
|
|
Sigmund Freud Theory
|
>Psychosexual development >A different ages, particular areas of the body provide the chief source of sensual pleasure that impact the development of personality |
|
|
What are the 5 stages of development according to Sigmund Freud?
|
>Oral state(birth- 1 year)-Mouth is the center of pleasure. Security is primary need. WEANING >Anal(1-3 years)- Anus and bladder are the sources of pleasure. TOILET TRAINING >Phallic-(3-6 years)-The child's genitals are the center of pleasure. >Latency(6-12 years)- Energy is directed toward physical and intellectual activities >Genital State(Puberty- Older)- Energy directed toward full sexual maturity and function and development of skills needed to cope with the environment. |
|
|
Jean Piaget Theory
|
>Cognitive development >Intelligence consist of interaction and coping with the environment |
|
|
What are the 4 stages of development according to Jean Piaget? (part 1)
|
>Sensorimotor(birth-2years)- reflexes predominate at birth; repetitive behaviors and intimate behaviors then occur; object permanence develops >Preoperational(2-7 years)- focus on egocentric "all about me". See only one aspect of the situation at a time. By the end of this period, intuitive reasoning occurs. Teach to share and interact. |
|
|
Part 2
|
>Concrete operations(7-11 years)- problems can be solved; able to sort, classify, organize information. Inductive reasoning occurs. Children will learn these skills in school. Parent should be supportive >Formal Operations(11- adult)- Thinking is logical and abstract. Reasoning is deductive and future oriented. Parents can discuss issues with their teens, be approachable with their children. |
|
|
Lawrence Kohlberg stages of development
|
>Pre-conventional phase (4-7 years) >Conventional morality (7-11 years) >Principled morality (12>) |
|
|
Therapeutic Play
|
Involves playing musical instrument such as the clarinet to promote flexion and extension of the fingers
|
|
|
Parallel Play
|
Playing near other children but not with them
|
|
|
Associative play
|
involves learning to give and take develop the sense of right and wrong
|
|
|
Denver Developmental Test
|
designed to screen expressive and receptive language, gross motor, fine motor, and personal/ social skills; result in risk category.
|
|
|
Young Adults
|
>18-29 years >Adapt to new experience >More ethnically and racially diverse >Establish career goals >Decide on remaining single or get married >Have completed physical growth >Active with few illnesses |
|
|
Middle Adults
|
>35-64 years >Achieve Stability >Physiological changes >Psychosocial changes >Career transition >Health concerns |
|
|
Neonatal stage (Birth- 28 days)
|
Behavior is largely reflective an develops to more purposeful behavior > Assist parents to identify and meet unmet needs |
|
|
Infancy (1 month- 1 year)
|
Physical growth is rapid >Parents control the infants environment so that physical and psychological needs are met |
|
|
Toddlerhood (1-3 years)
|
Motor development permits increase physical autonomy. >Parents, safety and risk taking strategies must be balanced to permit growth |
|
|
Preschool (3-6 years)
|
Their world is expanding. New experiences and the social role are tried during play. Physical growth is slower. >Parents, provide opportunities for play and social activity |
|
|
School Age (6-12 years)
|
Includes preadolescent period (10-12). Peer groups increase influences behavior. Physical growth is slower |
|
|
Adolescence (12-18 years)
|
Self concept changes with biological development. Values are tested. Physical growth accelerates. Stress increses. >Parents, assist adolescence to develop coping behavior. Help develop strategies for resolving conflicts. |
|
|
Young adulthood (18-40 years)
|
Personal lifestyle develops, establishes a relationship with a significant other and a commitment to something. > Accept adults chosen lifestyle and assist with necessary adjustments relating to health. Recognize the individuals commitments. Support change as necessary for health. |
|
|
Middle Adulthood (40-65 years)
|
Lifestyle changes due to other changes >Assist clients to plan for anticipated changes ion life, to recognize the risk factors related to health and focus on strengths rather than weakness. |
|
|
Older Adulthood (65-74 years)
|
Adaptation to retirement and changing. Physical abilities is often necessary. Chronis illness may develop >Assist clients to keep mentally, physically, and socially active and to maintain peer group interactions. |
|
|
Middle old (75-84 years)
|
Adaptation to decline in speed of movement, reaction time, and increase dependence on others may be necessary > Assist clients to cope with loss provide necessary safety measures |
|
|
Old-Old (85 and older)
|
Increase physical problems may develop >Assist with self care as required, and with maintaining as much independence as possible. |
