Human Development

Front 1

1.chephalocaudal patter
2.proximal patter
3. neuron
4. lateralization

Back 1

1.early growth starts at head and and finished at bottom
2.growth starts at center toward limbs
3. nerve cells that process info.
4. specialized function in the cerebral ( frontal-move+think, occipital-vision, temperal-hearing, pariental-info+sence)

Front 2

1.sudden infant death syndrom (sids)
2.Marasmus
3.Kwashiorkor

Back 2

1. when infant stops breathing at night and dies with out cause.
2. infant tissue wasting away in first year caused by severe nutrition deficiency
3.protein deficiency caused abs and feet to swell with water b/w ages 1-3

Front 3

2. sucking reflex
3.rooting reflex
4.moro reflex
5. grasping reflex
6.babinski reflex
7. tonic neck

Back 3

2.allows baby to get nutrition before it makes the conection that nipple = food
3.cheek is stoked turn head that way to suck
4.neonatal startle response for when it gets scared ... arches back, head back and flings out arms and legs and brings close to body. falling responce?
5.closed palm when touched to grip
6. fans out toes twist foot
7. fencer pose

Front 4

1. dyanamic system theory
2. gross motor skills
3.fine motor skills

Back 4

1.development of motor skills for percieving and acting
2.large muscles ]
3. using fingers "sticky mittens"

Front 5

1.sensation
2.perception
3. ecological view
4 affordance

Back 5

1.from eyes ears nose tongue skin
2.interpretation of what is senced
3.directly percieve info around us to increase adaption
4. object may be utalized several ways pot=cook=drum

Front 6

1.visual preferance method
2. habituaion
3. dishabituation

Back 6

1.used to determin how long infants look at ceratin stimuli
2.decreased responsiveness
3. recovery from a (2) resposed after change stimuli

Front 7

1.size constancy
2.shape constancy
3.intermodel perception

Back 7

1. can tell objects close and far by how big or small it is babys have it but not mature
2. orientation changes but object is the same babies have it
3. integrate info from 2 or more senced hearing and sight

Front 8

1. schemes
2.organization
3.equilibration
4. sensorimotor stage

Back 8

1. Piagets theory actions that organize knowledge.
2. Piagets group into catagories for smoother cognitive system
3. when a kid runs into conflict and try and balance out and shift to next stage because of it
4. Piagets stage birth to 2 understanding of the world by hearing and seeing

Front 9

Piagets sensorimotor development
1. simple reflex
2.1st habits and prime circular rxt.
3. second circular rxt.
4.cordination of second circ rxt.
5. tertiary circular rxt, curiosity
6.internalization of schemes

Back 9

1.0-1 reflexes like rooting sucking grasping to coordinate sensation
2.1-4 months adapt reflexes to more refined to what they are doing. done by chance then adapted
3. 4-8, object oriented infant coos to keep person near then when person leavs coos again. repeats action to bring pleasurable result
4. 8-12,coordinated vision and touch manipulated stick to bring toy closer
5. 12-18, action reaction
6. 18-24, copys others, forms symbolic and mental representations

Front 10

1.object permenance
2.AB error
3. attention
4. deferred imitation

Back 10

1.understanding an object is there when they cant see it
2. selects familiar place rather then known place.."pick a hand"
3. focus of mental resourses
4. imitaion that occurs in infants after hours or days

Front 11

1. memory
2. imlicit memory
3. explicit memory

Back 11

1. cognitive development pertaining to info retained over time
2. routine skills
3. consciou memory of facts and experiences

Front 12

1. developmental quotient (Gesell)
2. bayley scaleof infant development

Back 12

1. determin normal babies from abnormal: with motor lang.,adaptive,personal social
2.asses infant development with mental+motor scale and behavior profile.

Front 13

1. language
2. infinite generativity
3. phonology
4. morphology
5. sytax
6. semantics
7. pragmatics

Back 13

1. communication
2. usind endless numners of sentenced and words, rules
3.the sound system of lang. (pot in spot or spr in spring)
4. meanings with word formation (help+ er)
5. the ways words are put together in a sentence
6. the grouping of similar words like (lemon>citris>fruit) that could be used in a sentence
7.appropraite use of language

Front 14

1. telegraphic speech
2. aphasia
3.Broca's area
4.Wernick's area
5.language acquisition
6. child directed speech

Back 14

1. short presice words like "see dog"
2.loss of lang. b/c of brain damage
3.brains left frontal lobe next to part for speech
4. left brain lang. comprehension
5.Chomsky's term for the prewired lang sence in humans.
6. higher pitch with simple words and sentenses

Front 15

1.primary emotions
2.self-conscience emotions

Back 15

1. in humans and animals: surprise,joy, anger, sadness,fear, disgust
2. emotions that require cognition and conscience:
pride, shame, guilt, empathy

Front 16

1. basic cry
2.anger cry
3. pain cry
4. refelx smile
5.social smile

Back 16

1. rhythmic breif silence higher pitch inspiratory whistle
2. more excess air
3.sudden loud cry with silence
4. sleep smile respoce
5. external stimulis smile

Front 17

1.stranger anxiety
2.separation anxiety
3.social referencing

Back 17

1.fear of strangers
2. distressed rxt when caregiver leaves
3. reading emotional cues to help determine how to act

Front 18

1.temperment
2. easy child
3.difficult child
4.slow to warm up child

Back 18

1.behaivior style and way of responding
2.positive mood, had regular routine, adapts well
3.negative, crys,irregular routine, slow to accept
4.low activity level little negative, low intesity of mood

Front 19

1. goodness of fit
2. strange situaion
3.securely attachched baby
4. insecure avoidant babies
5. insecure resistant babies
6. insecure disorganized babies.

Back 19

1. the match of temperment and envirnment it needs to cope in
2.observational measure to study baby attachment
3. use care giver as base to explor envirn
4. avoid caregiver
5. cling then push away
6. disoriented

Front 20

1. reciprocal socialization
2. scaffolding
3. basal metabolic

Back 20

1.children socialize parents and parents socialize children
2. parents teach kids turn taking like "pikaboo" or patti cake"
3. minimum amount of energy a person uses at rest

Front 21

Piagets Preoperational stage
2. operation
3. symbolic function substages

Back 21

2.Piaget theory, mental actions like adding in head instead of counting fingers
3. Preoperational thought- represent an object that is not there

Front 22

Piaget preop cont'd
1. egocentrism
2. animism
3. intuitive thought 2nd substage
4. centration
5. conservation

Back 22

1. can only see from kids view not anyone elses
2. believe objects are liflike
3. primitive reasoning "why"
4. focus attention on one thing
5. awareness that changing shape does not change its mass "water in different containore"

Front 23

Vygotsky theory
1.Zone of proximal development
2. social constructivist approach

Back 23

1.can master ideas with help "water containors"
2. learning through social interactions edu is very important with language

Front 24

1. short term memory
2. child- centered kindergarten
3.montessori appoach
4. developmentally appropriate practice.

Back 24

1. 30 seconds with out rehersal
2. edu that considers physical cognitive and social learnibg
3. free and spontanious learning move through activities as desired
4. age appropriate.. .hands on

Front 25

1. project head start

Back 25

1. a gov programed to teach poor kids skills for school success

Front 26

1.self understaning
2. moral development
3. heteronomous marality
4.autonomous morality
5.immanent justics

Back 26

1. the child cognitive representaion of self
2. development that involves feelings, actions, about what people should do.
3.Piagets theory ,stg 1, 4-7, rules are unchangeable uncontrolled by people.
4. stg 2, 10yrs on , rules are created by people, consideration for action not always right and wrong.
5.oocept that punishment immediate.

Front 27

1. gender identity
2.gender role

Back 27

1. sence of being male of female at 3 years old
2. set expectations

Front 28

1. social role theory
2. psychoanalytic theory of gender
3. social cognitive theory of gender

Back 28

1. gender differences come from contrasting roles of men and women
2. frauds theory, attracted to oppisite sex parent so becomes like the same sex parent.
3. develops through observation and immitation and rewards and punishments of gender related behavior

Front 29

1. cognitive development theory of gender
2. gender schema theory

Back 29

1. once they realize there gender they begin gendert typing
2.internam motivation to conform to gender based stereotypes

Front 30

1.Authoritarian parenting
2. authoritative parenting
3. neglectful parenting
4. indulgent parenting

Back 30

1. restrictive, follow directions, work no play, firm limits, no vermal exchange lead to incompetance
2.encourage children to be independent but still limits controls
3.uninvolved child lacks self control + incompetance
4. too involved in childs life with few controls on them cause no self control and incompetance.

Front 31

1.unoccupied play
2.solitary play
3.onlooker play
4.parallel play
5.associative play
6.cooperative play

Back 31

1. not active just stands or random movemonts
2. plays independently
3. child watches others play
4. play seperate but doing the same thing
5. unorganized social play
6. organized social play

Front 32

7.sensorimotor play
8. practice play
9.pretense/symnbolic play
10. social play
11.constructive play
12. games

Back 32

7. infant behavior and movement for fun learn cause and effect
8.repatition of an action to learn different ways
9. imagines things in envirnment to be different like a block being a phone
10. interaction with peers
11. combines sensorimotor, repitition, and symbolic play usually in a self regulated creation .
12. activities for pleasure with rules and compitition

Front 33

1. learning disability
2. dyslexia
3. ADHD

Back 33

1. min IQ, difficulty in certain subject, 2nd language, defects
2. can't read or spell
3. inattention, hyperactive, impulsivity

Front 34

1. individual edu plan
2.least restrictive envirn
3. inclusion

Back 34

1. geared to fixing the disability, individual, edu benefits
2. as close as possible to regular kids
3. educating a child in Special ED need full time in regular class

Front 35

1. seriation
2. transitivity

Back 35

1. piaget reason theory,putting things in size order some kids cant and make groups of similar lenghts
2. logically combine relations that are not directly shown kids can not do this

Front 36

1. neo- piagetians
2. long term memory
3.strategies
4. elaboration
5. fuzzy trace theory

Back 36

1. developers elaborate on piagets theories
2. permanent memory huge
3. cognitive plans that require work
4. extending information
5. 2 types, verbatum and gist

Front 37

1. critiacal thinking
2. creative thinking
3. convergent thinking
4. divergent thinking
5. brainstorm
6. metacognition

Back 37

1.thinking refelctivly and evaluate evedence
2. think in unusual ways
3. thinking that produces only one correct answer
4. many answers
5. think of creative ideas in a group
6. knowin about knowing

Front 38

1. intellegence
2. individual differences
3. mental age
4. Inteligence quotient( IQ)
5. normal distribution

Back 38

1. problem solving skills and adapt to everyday life
2. stable and consistant ways people are diff
3. BINET's measure of indiv level of mental development compared with others
4. mental age/ actual age X 100
5. a bell curve

Front 39

1. Triarchic theory of intelligence
2. heritability
3. steriotype threat
4. culture fair test

Back 39

1. STERNBERG's theory, of analytical, creative, and practical intelligences
2. variation in population that is atributed to genes
3. behavioral anxiety in fear that actions will confirm a negative steriotype about one's group
4. intelliegence test free of bias

Front 40

1. mental retardation
2. organic retardation
3. cultural- familial retardation
4. gifted

Back 40

1. IQ below 70 difficult adapting to life
2.due to physical damage by genetic disorder or brain damage
3. no evidence but IQ is b/w 50 and 70
4.IQ above 130 or superior talent

Front 41

1. whole language approach
2. basic skills phonics approach

Back 41

1. should parallel childs natural learning
2. teach phonics and rules written in symbol

Front 42

1. self-esteem
2. self-concept

Back 42

1. self worth or image
2. evaluation of self

Front 43

KOHLBERG's theory of moral development
1. Preconventional reasoning
2. heteronomous morality
3.individualism, instramental purpose, and exchange
4. conventional reasoning

Back 43

1.powered by external rewards and punishment
2. preconvential, moral thinking is tied to punishment
3. pursue own interests allows others to do the same
4. intermediate, abide by parents or the law

Front 44

5. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
6. social system morality
7.postconventional reasoning
8. social contract or utility and individual tights
9. universal ethical principles

Back 44

5. value caring, trust, loyalty
6.understanding social order, law, justice, and duty
7. recognizes alternative moral
courses, explores options and decides on personal moral code
8. develope moral standards based on universal human rights.

Front 45

1.justice perspective
2.care perspective
3.social conventional reasoning
4. altruism

Back 45

1. moral perspective, focused on
rights of indiv and make own moral decisions
2. Carol Gilligan, views people and their relationship with others .
3. social consensus and convention
4. unselfish interest in helping others

Front 46

1.androgyny
2.direct intrstruction approach

Back 46

1. presence of positive gender characteristics in one person
2. teacher based, kids become passive learners and not critical thinkers

Front 47

1. popular children
2. average children
3. neglected children
4. rejected children
5.controversial children

Back 47

1.nominated as best friends the most and rarely disliked
2. average number of likes and dislikes
3. rare likes but not disliked
4. rare likes more dislikes
5. liked stongly and disliked stongly and even amount of times.