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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kidney Functions (7)
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major excretory organs
maintain water and salt balance maintain pH balance gluconeogenesis activates Vitamin D Produces enzyme renin Produces hormone erythropoietin |
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What do the kidneys excrete
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urea
creatinine uric acid end products of hemoglobin breakdown |
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urea
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from protein catabolism
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creatinine
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muscle metabolism
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uric acid
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nucleic acid metabolism
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adipose capsule and tough renal fascia
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protects (cushions) and anchors kidneys in place
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fibrous capsule
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anchors kidneys and prevents surrounding infections from spreading to them
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Urinary Bladder (3 Features)
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hollow muscular sac just posterior to pubic symphysis
VERY distensible has rugae |
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How much urine can it hold?
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moderately full at 500mL (2 cups) but can DOUBLE that amount
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Define anbaugebiete and name 4 of them.
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Regions of Germany.
Mosel-Saar-Ruwer Rheingau , Rheinhessen Pfalz , Ahr Valley Nahe , Franken Mittelrhein , Baden Wurttemberg , Hessische Bergtrasse , Saal-Unstrut Sachsen |
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Male Urethra
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(8 inches), curvy
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How many nephrons are in a kidney?
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over 1 million per kidney
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Nephron
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consists of a renal tubule and vascular components (capillary network)
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Renal Tubule (4)
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Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's)
Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule |
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Vascular Component (2)
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Glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)
Peritubular Capillaries |
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Renal Corpuscle
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glomerulus + Bowman's Capsule
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Cortical Nephrons
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85% of nephrons
mostly in cortex short loop of Henle (2 - 4 mm) |
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Juxtamedullary Nephrons
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long loop of henle (12 -14 mm)
surrounded by vasa recta the KEY to kidney's ability to concentrate urine |
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Blood supply to the nephron
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renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - cortical radiate artery - afferent arterioles
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How much of the blood to the kidneys perfuses the cortex?
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90%
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3 Reasons the the glomerulus is specialized for filtration
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1. Is fed and drained by 2 arterioles, high resistance vessels
2. Afferent has a larger diameter 3. Capillary walls have large pores |
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fenestrations
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large pores in the capillary walls
all plasma components can pass through except blood cells |
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Peritubular capillaries
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specialized for reabsorption
comes from efferent wrap around adjacent renal tubule low pressure, porous capillaries substances are secreted from peritubular |
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How much of the filtrate is reabsorbed from tubule and returned to blood?
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99%
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Filtration Membrane (3 layers)
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1. Endothelium of capillaries of glomerulus
2. Inner (viscer) wall of Glomerular Capsule 3. Basement Membrane |
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Inner Wall of Glomerular Capsule
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composed of cells called podocytes ("foot cells")
have numerous "foot processes" Filtration slits |
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Filtrations slits
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spaces between foot processes
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Basement Membrane
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restrict all but the smallest proteins
repels by negative electrical charge b/c most large proteins are anions |
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Slit diaphragm
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thin membrane across filtration slits
keep out other macromolecules that get through basement layer |
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urine
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when no changes can be made to the filtrate
occurs somewhere in collecting duct |
