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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ligaments |
connect bones to bones |
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tendons |
connect muscles to bones |
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Cartilage |
flexible material found in joints |
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Axial Skeleton |
foundation on which the arms and legs are hung - skull, face, thorax, spinal column |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
arms, legs, and connection points - pelvis |
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Ball and Socket Joint |
allow for rotation and bending - shoulder |
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Hinge Joint |
Motion is restricted to one plane - can flex and extend - knee, fingers, elbows |
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Primary Muscles of Breathing |
-Diaphragm -Intercostals -Abdominals -Pectorals |
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Ventilation vs Respiration |
Ventilation: exchange of air btwn lungs and environment Respiration: process of exchanging O2 and CO2 |
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Abnormal Breathing |
- labored breathing - muscle retractions (esp the sternomastoids) - pale, cyanotic, cool & damp skin - tripod position - agonal gasps Labored breathing is done with muscles that may tire easily. Once they tire, respiration stops. |
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Normal Heartbeat |
resting rate is 60-100 bpm CO= HR x SV |
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Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) |
represents the state of blood vessels (how dilated/constricted) - resistance to blood flow is found w/in all blood vessels except pulmonary vessels |
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Capillaries |
Small blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules - perforations in the vasculature allow for easy diffusion of gases |
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Systole |
when the left ventricle of the heart contracts, it pumps blood from the ventricle to the aorta |
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Diastole |
left ventricle relaxes, fills with blood |
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Systolic BP |
pressure within arteries when heart contracts - indicates heart pumping effectiveness and blood in heart |
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Diastolic BP |
Pressure w/in arteries when heart is at rest (elastic recoil) - indicates blood in blood vessels |
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Perfusion |
circulation of blood in organs or tissues in adequate amounts to meet needs of cells *Shock: circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function = hypoperfusion |
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Functions of Blood |
1. Fight infection 2. Transport O2 3. Transport CO2 4. Control pH 5. Transport wastes and nutrients 6. Clotting/Coagulation |
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Retroperitoneal organs |
kidneys and pancreas |
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Hypercarbia |
state in which the body has a higher than normal level of carbon dioxide |
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Most likely cause of syncope (simple fainting) |
parasympathetic nervous system - over-stimulation of vasovagal circuit following the sympathetic response ~ vagus nerve = parasympathetic response = vasodilation = drop in blood pressure (too extreme of a drop leads to syncope) |
