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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma Membrane is a:
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Plasma Membrane is a:
LIPID BILAYER |
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Cell size & plasma membrane shape affect the surface area and volume
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Cell size & plasma membrane shape affect the surface area and volume
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CYTO =
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CELL
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MICROVILLI IS:
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MICROVILLI IS:
NUMEROUS MICROSCOPIC PROJECTIONS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE |
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MICROVILLI ARE AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO:
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MICROVILLI ARE AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO:
INCREASE SURFACE AREA RELATIVE TO VOLUME |
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HYPOTONIC:
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HYPOTONIC:
LESS CONCETRATION ENTERS THE CELL |
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HYPERTONIC:
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HYPERTONIC:
HIGH CONCETRATION LEAVES THE CELL |
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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PASSIVE TRANSPORT:
RELIES ON DIFFUSION HIGH --- LOW "NO" ENERGY REQUIRED!! |
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DIFFUSION MAKE UP IS:
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DIFFUSION HAS TWO HIGHWAYS
1 DIRECTION IS: PHOSPHOLIPID BI-LAYER ( ALL MOLECULES MUST BE SOLUBLE IN FAT; I.E. GASES 2ND DIRECTION IS: CHANNELS "PROTEINS" (MOLECULES WITH CHARGES) |
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OSOMOSIS:
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OSOMOSIS IS:
DIFFUSION OF H2O -> CHANNEL PROTEIN |
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FACILITATED TRANSPORT
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FACILITATED TRANSPORT --> TRANSPORT PROTEIN CARRIES A MOLECULE ( OR CHANGES ITS FORM TO CARRY IT) THROUGH THE CELL
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WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR FACILITATED TRANSPORT
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FACILITATED TRANSPORT = FACILITATED DIFFUSION
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES?
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES
ENERGY |
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT IS:
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT HAS A
LOW --> HIGH CONCENTRATION |
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT IS KNOWN AS:
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT IS KNOWN AS
"THE PROTEIN PUMP" TRANSPORTS PROTEINS |
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WATER FOLLOWS Na+ (SODIUM)
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WATER FOLLOWS Na+ (SODIUM)
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ENDO-CYTOSIS MEANS:
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ENDO = MOVING INTO
CYTOSIS = THE CELL ENDO-CYTOSIS IS: MOVING INTO THE CELL |
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ENDO-CYTOSIS DOES WHAT?
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ENDO-CYTOSIS ENGULFS BACTERIA
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EXO-CYTOSIS MEANS:
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EXO = EXIT
CYTOSIS = THE CELL EXO-CYTOSIS = EXIT THE CELL |
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EXO-CYTOSIS DOES WHAT?
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EXOCYTOSIS EXITS THE WASTE PRODUCTS AND SECRETIONS
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ENDO-CYTOSIS & EXO-CYTOSIS ARE BOTH WHAT?
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ENDO-CYTOSIS AND EXO-CYTOSIS IS A PART OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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NUCLEUS IS:
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CONTROL CENTER
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NUCLUES CONTAINS:
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NUCLEUS HAS A:
DOUBLED-LAYERED NUCLEAR MEMBRANE (ENVELOPE) W/ PORES CHROMOSOMES / CHROMATIN - DNA IS MADE HERE NUCLEOLUS - RIBOSOME'S ARE FORMED HERE |
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RIBOSOMES DOES:
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RIBOSOMES MANUFACTURE PROTEINS
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WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF RIBOSOMES:
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FREE RIBOSOMES
MEMBRANE BOUND RIBOSOMES |
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MEMBRANE BOUND RIBOSOMES:
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MEMBRANE BOUND RIBOSOMES:
PRODUCE PROTEINS FOR EXPORT THROUGH SECRETION |
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FREE RIBOSOMES:
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FREE RIBOSOMES:
PRODUCE PROTEINS FOR INSIDE THE CELL |
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ENDOPLASMIC RE-TIC-ULUM (ER) IS:
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ENDOPLASMIC RE-TIC-ULUM IS THE MANUFACTURING CENTER
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ROUGH ER HAS:
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ROUGH "ER" HAS
RIBOSOMES PROTEINS ARE PRODUCE |
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SMOOTH ER HAS:
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SMOOTH "ER" HAS:
NO RIBOSOMES LIPID PRODUCTION |
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ENDO-PLASMIC RETICULUM DELIVERS?
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ENDO-PLASMIC RETICULUM DELIVERS PROTEINS AND LIPIDS TO THE GOLGI APPARATUS
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GOLGI APPARATUS (GOLGI) IS:
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GOLGI APPARATUS = FINISHING PACKAGING & SHIPPING
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GOLGI APPARATUS DOES:
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GOLGI APPARATUS DOES:
RECEIVES PROTEINS & LIPIDS FROM ER PRODUCES LYOSOMES & PEROXIZOMES |
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VESICLES IS KNOWN AS:
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VESICLES IS THE = SHIPPING & STORAGE CONTAINERS
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VESICLES HAS:
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VESICLES HAVE
MEMBRANE-BOUND (RIBOSOMES) SPHERES CONTAINING A SPECIFIC PRODUCT SECRETORY VESICLE - DERIVED FROM GOLGI PERIOXISOMES (THEY DETOXIFY) LYSOSOMES (DIGESTIVE ENZYMES) ENDOCYTOTIC VESICLES - DERIVED FROM CELL MEMBRANE BY ENDOCYTOSIS |
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MITOCHONDRIA IS KNOWN AS:
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MITOCHONDRIA = POWERHOUSE CELL
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MITOCHONDRIA HAS OR IS?
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MITOCHONDRIA HAS:
DOUBLE-LAYERED MEMBRANE SELF REPLICATING, ALSO CONTAINS SOME DNA |
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INSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA CELLUAR RESPIRATION IS CALLED:
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MOST ATP PRODUCTION
(IN THE INNER PART) |
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WHAT IS THE ENERGY STORAGE:
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ENERGY STORAGE CONTAINS:
FAT: TRIGLYCERIDES (SOME LIPIDS) --> LONG-TERM ENERGY FUEL STORAGE CARBOHYDRATES: GLYCOGEN SHORT-TERM ENERGY FUEL STORAGE |
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CYTO-SKELETON (CELL SKELETON)IS KNOWN FOR:
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CYTO-SKELETON = "SUPPORT STRUCTURE OR SCAFFOLDING"
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CYTO-SKELETON CONTAINS:
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CYTO-SKELETON CONTAINS:
MICROTUBLES MICROFILANENTS |
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CILA & FLAGELLA IS KNOWN FOR:
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CILA & FLAGELLA = "SWEEPING MOVEMENT"
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CILA IS:
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CILA IS:
SHORT HAIRLIKE FOUND IN RESPIRATORY TRACT AND FALLOPIAN TUBES |
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FLAGELLA IS:
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FLAGELLA IS:
LONGER FOUND IN SPERM ONLY IN MALES 9+2 MICROTUBLE AGRRANGEMENT |
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CENTRIOLES IS KNOWN FOR:
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CENTRIOLES = USED IN CELL DIVISION
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ORGANIC MOLECULES ARE:
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ORGANIC MOLECULES ARE:
VERY LARGE |
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THE BACKBONE OF ALL ORGANIC MOLECULES IS:
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THE BACKBONE OF ALL ORGANIC MOLECULES IS
CARBOHYDRATES |
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OSE =
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OSE = SUGAR
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CARBOHYDRATES DERIVED INTO SUGARS FUEL FOR THE CELL:
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CARBOHYDRATES DERIVED INTO SUGARS FUEL FOR THE CELL:
SUCROSE, GLUCOSE, LACTOSE, FRUCTOSE |
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COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES =
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COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES = POLYSACHARIDES (ENGERY STORAGE) MOLECULES
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ANIMALS COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE IS:
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ANIMALS COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE IS:
GLYCOCEN |
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PLANTS COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE IS:
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PLANTS COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE IS:
STARCH & CELLULOSE |
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LIPIDS ARE:
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LIPIDS ARE:
INSOLUBLE IN WATER (FATS & OILS) |
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THE MOST IMPORTANT LIPIDS IN THE BODY ARE:
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THE MOST IMPORTANT LIPIDS IN THE BODY ARE:
TRIGLYCERIDES PHOSPHOLIPIDS STERIOD |
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PHOSPHOLIPID IS A?
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PHOSPHOLIPID IS A
POLAR MOLECULE |
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PHOSOPHOLIPID IS:
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HYDROPHILIC
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GLYCERAL IS:
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HYDROPHOBIC
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PROTEINS HAS HOW MANY AMINO ACIDS?
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PROTEINS HAVE 20 AMINO ACIDS
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THE ORDER OF AMINO ACIDS DETERMINES THE SHAPE OF
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THE ORDER OF AMINO ACIDS DETERMINES THE SHAPE OF:
THE PROTEIN |
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PROTEIN FUNCTION DEPENDS ON WHAT?
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PROTEIN FUNCTION DEPENDS ON WHAT?
SHAPE |
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ENZYME DOES WHAT?
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ENZYME SPEEDS UP THE RATE OF A BIOCHEMICAL REACTION
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NUCLEIC ACIDS ARE:
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NUCLEIC ACIDS:
DNA RNA |
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ATP IS:
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ATP IS:
ENERGY SOURCE FOR CELLS |
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ATOM IS:
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ATOM IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF AM ELEMENT
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99% OF YOUR BODY WEIGHT CONSISTS OF JUST 6 ELEMENTS:
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99% OF YOUR BODY WEIGHT CONSISTS OF JUST 6 ELEMENTS:
OXYGEN CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS |
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ATOMS HAVE A NUCLEUS WHICH CONTAINS
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POSITIVE AND NEUTRAL PARTICLES
(PROTONS & NEUTRONS) |
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ELECTRONS DO WHAT?
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ELECTRONS ORBIT THE NUCLUES
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ELECTRONS ARE:
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ELECTRONS ARE THE ATOMIC PARTICLES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
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MOLECULE IS:
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MOLECULE IS
THE SMALLEST UNIT OF A COMPOUND |
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ION IS:
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ION IS:
ELECTRICALLY CHARGED ATOM OR MOLECULE |
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POLAR MOLECULE IS:
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POLAR MOLECULE ARE MOLECULES THAT ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL, BUT STILL HAVE PARTIALLY CHARGED ENDS
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ANABOLISM MEANS:
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ANABOLISM MEANS TO BUILD UP
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SMALL MOLECULES ARE:
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SMALL MOLECULES ARE ASSEMBLED INTO LARGER MOLECULES
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ANABOLISM REQUIRES?
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ANABOLISM REQUIRES ENERGY ATP
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ANABOLISM ENERGY IS STORED IN:
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ANABOLISM ENERGY IS STORED IN THE BONDS OF THE LARGE MOLECULES
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CATABOLISM MEANS?
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CATABOLISM IS THE TEAR DOWN OF MOLECULES
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CATABOLISM BREAKDOWN OF MOLECULES IS:
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CATABOLISM BREAKDOWN OF MOLECULES IS DIGESTING MOLECULES
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CATABOLISM ENERGY IS RELEASED WHEN?
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CATABOLISM ENERGY IS RELEASED WHEN BONDS ARE BROKEN
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ENZYMES IS REQUIRED FOR BOTH?
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ENZYMES ARE REQUIRED FOR BOTH:
ANABOLIC REACTIONS CATABOLIC REACTIONS |
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ENZYMES HAS:
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ENZYMES HAS PROTEINS
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ENYZMES CAN BE USED?
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ENZYMES CAN BE USED:
OVER AND OVER AGAIN |
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CO-ENZYMES ARE NOT WHAT?
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CO-ENZYMES ARE NOT PROTEINS
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CO-ENZYMES ARE USUALLY DERIVED FROM?
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CO-ENZYMES ARE USUALLY DERIVED FROM VITAMINS
EXAMPLES: NAD+, FAD, CO-ENZYME A, B VITAMINS |
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ATP IS A MOLECULE THAT PROVIDES?
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ATP IS A MOLECULE THAT PROVIDES IMMEDIATE ENERGY FOR THE CELL'S REACTIONS
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MOST ATP IS PRODUCED BY?
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MOST ATP IS PRODUCED BY:
CELLULAR RESPIRATION IN THE MITCHONDRIA |
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DIFFUSION IS THE MOVEMENT OF?
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DIFFUSION IS THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM A AREA OF HIGHEST CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION
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OSMOSIS IS:
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OSMOSIS IS DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
MEMBRANE |
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SOLUTIONS ARE MADE UP 2 PARTS:
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SOLUTIONS ARE MADE UP 2 PARTS:
SOLUTE SOLVENT |
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SOLVENT IS DISSOLVED OR SUSPENDED IN THE?
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SOLVENT IS DISSOLVED OR SUSPENDED IN THE SOLUTE WHICH IS USUALLY WATER
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TONICITY IS:
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TONICITY IS THE RELATIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTES IN 2 FLUIDS
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ISOTONIC:
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ISOTONIC HAS THE SAME SOLUTE CONCENTRATION AS INSIDE THE CELL (INTRACELLULAR)
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NORMAL SALINE 0.9% NaCl
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NORMAL SALINE 0.9% NaCl
CELL NEITHER GAINS NOR LOSSES WATER |
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HYPOTONIC IS:
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HYPOTONIC IS LESS CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE THAN CELL, WATER MOVES AND ENTERS THE CELL
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HYPERTONIC IS:
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HYPERTONIC IS GREATER CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE THAN CELL, WATER MOVES OUT OF THE CELL
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SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
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SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEANS:
THAT IT ALLOWS SOME SUBSTANCES TO CROSS BY DIFFUSION BUT NOT OTHERS |
