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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Robert Hooke was?
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first person to see outlines of cells
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek WAS?
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improved lenses and drew observations
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cells are?
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the smallest unit of life that can function independently
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All organisms made of ?
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one or more cells
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all cells come from where?
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preexisting cells,
Contradicts spontaneous generation |
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Electron microscopes
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greater magnification and better resolution but specimen must be dead
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Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
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uses beam of electrons focused by magnetic field
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
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scans beam of electrons over metal coated specimen
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Scanning probe microscope
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– probe moves over surface giving exquisite detail
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Complex cells also have _______?
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organelles
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what are organelles?
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organelles – compartments for specialized functions
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what is the cell membrane made of?
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Made of lipids and proteins
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Fluid mosaic
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proteins and phospholipids free to move laterally within the bilayer
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what is a Prokaryote ?
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– simplest and most ancient forms of life whose cells lack organelles
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what are Eukaryotes ?
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cells contain organelles
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what are extremophiles?
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things that can live in extreme enviornments. very hot or cold or barren etc
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what is Endosymbiosis theory ?
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ancient organism engulfed another organism and stayed as partners (supported by mitochondria and chloroplasts)
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what are three characteristics of the domain Eukarya?
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Huge diversity
Larger than prokaryotes Internal membranes create organelles |
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what is cytoplasm?
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the liquid around the cell organelles
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what is cytosol?
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the liquid within a cell without organells
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what does the nucleus contain?
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Contains DNA – information specifying “recipe” for every protein a cell can make
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where does the endoplasmic reticulum originate?
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Originates at nuclear membrane and winds throughout the cell
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what is the rough er?
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studded with ribosomes making proteins destined for secretion (like milk)
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what is the smooth er?
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synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poisons
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what does the Endoplasmic reticulum make?
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lipids and proteins
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where do lipids and proteins made by the ER exit?
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exits in the vesicles
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what domains are prokaryotes?
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bacteria and archaea
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what domain is a eukaryote?
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eukarya
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conjugate boire in imparfait
boire => buvons => buv... |
je buvais
tu buvais il/elle buvait nous buvions vous buviez ils/elles buvaient |
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what is cytoplasm?
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Watery soup of dissolved substances, organelles and cytoskeleton
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what are lysosomes made of?
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Contain enzymes that lyse substrates
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what kind of cells have cell walls?
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cell walls Surround cell membrane of nearly all bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and plants
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what connects adjacent cells?
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plasmodesmata
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what cells dont have cell walls?
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animal cells
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what junktions form barriers?
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Tight junctions form impermeable barriers
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