Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How many types of tissue are there?
|
4
|
|
|
What are the four types of tissue?
|
Epithelial
Connective Muscular Nervous |
|
|
How are cancers classified?
|
They're classified according to the type of tissue from which they arise.
|
|
|
Why are carcinomas and leukemias the most common cancer types?
|
The chances of developing cancer is related to cell reproduction rate. Epithelial and blood cells reproduce at a high rate.
|
|
|
What's the job of connective tissue?
|
To bind and support body parts
|
|
|
What's the job of muscular tissue?
|
To move the body and its parts.
|
|
|
What's the job of nervous tissue?
|
Recieves stimuli and conducts nerve impulses.
|
|
|
What's the job of epithelial tissue?
|
Covers body surfaces and lines body cavaties.
|
|
|
What type of tissue is simple squamous?
|
Epithelial
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of simple squamous?
|
S: Flat, somewhat irregular
L: Lungs and capillaries F: Protection, diffusion, filtration |
|
|
What type of of tissue is loose fibrous?
|
Connective tissue
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F, of loose fibrous?
|
S: Spaces and gaps between fibers & fibroblasts
L: Beneath skin and most epithelial tissue F: Supports epithelial & internal organs |
|
|
What type of tissue is skeletal?
|
Muscular
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of skeletal?
|
S: Striated cell, multinucleated, long
L: Attached to bones F: Voluntary, moves bones, protection, body temp |
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of nervous tissue?
|
S: Cell body, axons, Dendrites, myelin, sheath/neuroglea, fibers
L: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves throughout the body F: Sensory, integratory, motor |
|
|
What type of tissue is bone?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of bone?
|
S: Matrix of protein fibers & inorganic salts
L: Bones F: Support, protection, storage, blood formation, compact-dense, strong bone tissue, spongy-large spaces between dense tissue |
|
|
What type of tissue is simple cuboidal?
|
Epithelial
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of simple cuboidal?
|
S: Cube shaped
L: Kidney tubes F: Protection, secrection, filtration |
|
|
What type of tissue is Apidose?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of Apidose?
|
S: Enlarged fibroblasts
L: Beneath skin, around organs F: Storage of fat/insulation, organ protection |
|
|
What type of tissue is Cartilage?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
|
1) Hyaline
2) Elastic 3) Fibrocartilage |
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of hyaline cartilage?
|
S: White, translucent, very fine fibers
L: ends of long bones, fetal skeleton, nose, forms rings of trachea F: Protection, support/structural, connections |
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of Elastic cartilage?
|
S: Outer ear
L: Outer ear F: Structure, catch sound waves |
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of Fibrocartilage?
|
S: Strong collagen fibers in matrix, forms disks
L: Between bones (e.g. tibia, fibula, between vertebrae) F: cushions, protects |
|
|
What type of tissue is cardiac?
|
Muscular
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of cardiac?
|
S: Striated, single nucleus & intercalated junctions
L: ❤ F: Involuntary, pump blood |
|
|
What type of tissue is psuedostartified ciliated columner?
|
Epithelial
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of psuedostratified ciliated columner?
|
S: Long and narrow, ciliated end
L: Respiratory tract F: Protection, secretion, absorption |
|
|
What type of tissue is smooth?
|
Muscular
|
|
|
What is the S, L and F of smooth?
|
S: No striations, spindle shaped
L: Around tubes, vessels and the digestive tract F: Involuntary, slow contractions, moves fluids and food |
|
|
What type of tissue is reticular?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of reticular?
|
S: Fibrous
L: Lymphnodes, spleen, thymus F: Supporting mesh-work in/around locations |
|
|
What type of tissue is dense fibrous?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of dense fibrous?
|
S: Many tightly packed collagen fibers
L: see "F" F: Holds bone→muscle, bone→bone |
|
|
What type of tissue is simple columnar?
|
Epithelial
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of simple columnar?
|
S: Rectangular shaped w/ microvilli
L: Lining of intestine, uterus F: Protection, secretion, movement of mucus |
|
|
What type of tissue is blood?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What is the S, L, and F of blood?
|
S: A fluid tissue; plasma, formed elements
L: Blood vessels, body tissue F: Transports materials like nutrients, wastes; fights invaders, clots blood |
|
|
What is the S and F of connective tissue?
|
S: Matrix, fibers, fibroblasts
F: Binds organs; supportive, protective, fills space, produces blood cells, stores fat |
|
|
What are the three fibers in connective tissue?
|
Collagen
Reticular Elastic |
|
|
What are the characteristics of collagen fibers?
|
Contain collagen
|
|
|
What is collagen?
|
A protein that gives tissue flexibility and strength
|
|
|
What are the the characteristics of reticular fibers?
|
Very thin collagen fibers, highly branched proteins that form delicate supporting networks.
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of elastic fibers?
|
Contains elastin, may stretch over 100x their relaxed size w/o damage.
|
|
|
What is elastin?
|
a protein that's not quite at strong as collagen but is more elastic.
|
|
|
What are fibroblasts?
|
Cells located some distance from one another and separated by matrix.
|
|
|
What is matrix?
|
Jelly-like ground substance that contains white collagen fibers and yellow elastic fibers.
|
|
|
What are tendons?
|
Made of dense fibrous connective tissue. Connects muscles to bone.
|
|
|
What are ligaments?
|
Made of dense fibrous connective tissue. Connects bone to bone.
|
|
|
What are lacunae (sing. lucna)?
|
Small chambers in cartilage that hold cells. Sperated by matrix.
|
|
|
What is compact bone?
|
Makes up the shaft of a long bone.
|
|
|
What does the structure of compact bone look like?
|
•Made of the cylindrical units, osteons. Central canal of each osteon is surrounded by rings of hard matrix.
• Bone cells are located in the lacunae between matrix rings. • Blood vessels and nerve fibers travel through the central canal. |
|
|
What is spongy bone?
|
Appears as an open bony latticework w/ numerous bony bars and plates.
|
|
|
What are red blood cells?
|
Small, biconcave, disk-shaped cell w/o nucleus carries hemoglobin which makes it red. Transports nuitrients.
|
|
|
What are white blood cells?
|
Also called leukocytes, has a nucleus and is translucent. Fights of invaders.
|
|
|
What are platelets?
|
Incomplete, fragments of giant cells. Found only in bone marrow. Platelets plug vessels and injured tissue sends out molecules to help clotting process.
|
|
|
What is lymph?
|
Fluid connective tissue, like blood.
|
|
|
What does "striated" mean?
|
Striped
|
|
|
What are intercalated disks?
|
Areas where folded plasma membranes between two cells contain adhesion junctions and gap junctions.
|
|
|
What is a neuron?
|
Has three parts: Dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Makes a nerve when bound by connective tissue.
|
|
|
What is neuroglia?
|
Cells that outnumber neurons 9-1. Make up more than 1/2 of the brain. Main functions are to support and nourish neurons. No axons or dendrites.
|
|
|
What are the three functions of the nervous system?
|
Sensory input
Integration of data Motor output |
|
|
What is a basement membrane?
|
Thin layer of various types of carbohydrates and proteins that anchor epithelium to underlying connective tissue.
|
|
|
What are Schwann cells?
|
Glial cells that help regenerate axons in nerve cells.
|
|
|
What is a gland?
|
Epithelium that secretes a product.
|
|
|
What are exocrine glands?
|
Glands with ducts that secrete their products onto an outer surface of into a cavity.
|
|
|
What are endocrine glands?
|
Glands with ducts that secrete their products directly into the blood stream.
|
|
|
What is the integumentary system?
|
Skin
|
|
|
What are some characteristics of skin?
|
•15% of body weight
•Average surface area of 1.8 meters •Protects underlying issues from physical trauma, pathogen invasion, and water loss •Helps regulate body temp •Sythesizes chemicals that effect the rest of the body •Has sensors that keep us aware of our surroundings |
|
|
What is the subcutaneous layer of skin (hypodermis)?
|
Layer found between skin and any underlying structures, such as bone or muscle.
|
|
|
What is the epidermis?
|
Paper-thin skin layer that's made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
|
|
|
Where do new epidermis cells come from?
|
Stem cells
|
|
|
What is keratin and where is it found?
|
•A water-proof protien that causes hardening and flattening when occuring in newly made cells.
•Found as fingerprints, fingernails and dandruff |
|
|
What are langerhans cells?
|
macrophages; white blood cells that phagocytize infectious agents then travel to lymphatic organs. There they stimulate the immune system to react to the pathogen.
|
|
|
What is the dermis?
|
Dense fibrous connective tissue that resides below the epidermis layer.
|
|
|
What is adipose?
|
Not technically skin. Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue which stores fat. Adipose helps to thermally insulate the body.
|
|
|
What layer of skin contains most of the sensory receptors, elastic and collagen fibers?
|
Dermis
|
|
|
Are hair, nails, and glands structures of epidermis or dermis origin?
|
Epidermis, although some part of hair and nails are found in the dermis.
|
|
|
What do hair follicles look like?
|
Bulb begins in the dermis, and the hair shaft continues thorugh the epidermis and extends beyond the skin.
|
|
|
What are oil glands?
|
Glands in hair follicles that secrete sebum.
|
|
|
What is sebum?
|
And oily, acidic substance that prevents the growth of bacteria. When sebum isn't secreted, the product collects and forms a "white head".
|
|
|
What are sweat glands?
|
Glands in the dermis that secret sweat onto the skin or hair follicle where it evaporates, cooling the body.
|
