Human Bio Final- 2

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

All chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Front 2

Enzymes

Back 2

a protein that is capable of speeding up a specific chemical reaction by lowering the required activation energy

Front 3

Active Site

Back 3

surface of the enzyme where substrate binds and reaction occurs

Front 4

Substrate

Back 4

a reactant in a reaction controlled by an enzyme

Front 5

Coenzyme

Back 5

Nonprotein molecules that assist the activity of the enzyme.
Example: vitamin Niacin is part of the coenzyme NAD+

Front 6

Synthesis

Back 6

Substrates are combined to produce

Front 7

Mitochondria

Back 7

Organelle with 2 membranes carries out cellular respiration: converts chemical energy of glucose to chemical energy of ATP

Front 8

Christae

Back 8

Folded extensions of the inner membrane . ATP production occurs here

Front 9

Matrix

Back 9

Gel-like fluid of inner space surrounded by christae. Contains enzymes for breaking down glucose products

Front 10

Intermembrane Space

Back 10

Space between inner membrane and outer membrane

Front 11

Cellular Respiration

Back 11

Metabolic reactions that use energy primarily from carbohydrates (glucose) to produce ATP molecules

Front 12

What are the 3 pathways involved with cellular respiration?

Back 12

1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

Front 13

What does ATP stand for?

Back 13

Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 14

Glycolisis

Back 14

Anerobic breakdown of glucose that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Splits glucose C6 into 2 pyruvates C3; yielding 2 molecules of ATP and converts 2 molecules of NAD+ to NADH

Front 15

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)

Back 15

A coenzyme that carries hydrogen and 2 electrons

Front 16

Citric Acid Cycle

Back 16

aerobic process that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondira pyruvate enters matrix and completes the breakdown of glucose. Produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

Front 17

Electron Transport Chain

Back 17

Passage of electrons along a series of membrane bound carrier molecules from a higher energy to lower energy level. Hydrogen is moved to intermembrane space by active trnasport. Proton (hydrogen) gradient will yield 32 ATP.

Front 18

Fermentation

Back 18

Anerobic process that enables NADH to pass off its hydrogen and electrons to pyruvate. Converts pyruvate to lactate and yields 2 ATP per glucose. Yeast Fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide