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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is tissue?
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A group of cells which carry out similar functions. eg stomach lining
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What are organs?
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a group of tissue carrying out similar functions. eg stomach
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What are systems?
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a group of different organs carrying out similar functions. eg digestive system
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What is an organism?
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A living thing. eg human
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What kingdom do humans belong to and why?
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Animalia: we are animals and cant make our own food.
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What phylum do humans belong to and why?
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Chordata: We have a hollow dorsal spinal cord.
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What class do humans belong to and why?
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Mammalia: we have hair and mammary glamds
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What order do humans belong to and why?
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Primate: we have nails ad five fingers including an opposable thumb
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What family do humans belong to and why?
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Hominidae: We have no tail
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What genus do humans belong to and why?
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Homo: We have large brains, small teeth, walk upright and use tools.
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What species do humans belong to and why?
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Homo Sapians: A large rounded brain case, small jaw and flat face.
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What happens when members of different species interbreed?
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There offspring are sterile eg
Lion + Tiger = Sterile Liger |
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Name the six functions of the skeletal system.
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Holds body upright
Protection of vital organs Make blood cells in red bone marrow Stores fat in yellow bone marrow Stores calcium and phosphorous Provide anchor points for muscles to allow movement |
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What bones does the axial skeleton consist of?
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Cranium. vertebrae and ribs.
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What bones does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
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Arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder blades.
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Name the five types of bones.
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Long bones
Short bones Irregular Bones Flat Bones Sesamoud Bones |
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Name three characteristics of bones.
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Has a rich blood supply
Bone tissue is alive Bone tissue is constantly made broken down and remade. |
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What is a Ligament?
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tissue that connects bone to bone.
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What is a tendon?
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tissue that connects muscle to bone.
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What is osteoblast?
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cells that build bone.
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What is osteocyte?
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mature bone cell
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What is a joint?
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When one bone meets another
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Fibrous Joints?
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Don't move and are for protection eg Skull
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Cartilaginous Joints?
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Allow slight movement only eg vertebrae
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Sunoveal Joints?
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Hinge Joint- Allows movement in one plane up and down
Ball and socket Joint- allows movement in three planes Gliding Joint- allows movement in one plane back and forth. |
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What is cartilage?
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Protects bone from rubbing against another bone.
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What is spongy bone?
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Found in end of bone and contains red bone marrow which makes blood cells
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What is compact bone?
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Outside of bone and is hard and strong and gives bone strength.
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What is the medullary canal?
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Contains yellow bone marrow which stores fat.
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What is periostum?
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membrane protection
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characteristics of muscles
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Occur in pairs - one contracts the other relaxes
Muscles are long and thin Made of muscle cells or fibres Can only pull not push About 650 in body |
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characteristics of cardiac muscles
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involuntary
contract without tiring found in heart striated and has branches |
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characteristics of smooth muscles
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involuntary
contract without tiring lines internal organ unstriated |
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characteristics of skeletal muscles
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voluntary
covers the skeleton allows for movement striated |
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Functions of Muscles
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contract and relax to produce movement
heat production |
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List the seven forms of nutrients
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Vitamins
Minerals Water Protein Carbohydrates Fats and Oils (Lipids) Fibre |
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What are the functions and characteristics of Carbohydrates?
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good source of energy
makes other substances in body made of simple sugars good sources include pasta, bread, milk and fruit |
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What are the functions and characteristics of Lipids?
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fats are lipids that are solid at room temperature
oils are lipids that are liquid at room temperature good sources of energy used as insulation good sources include nuts, fish, butter and olive oil |
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What are the functionsand characteristics of Protein?
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Used to build muscle and tissue
source of energy made of small units called amino acids good sources are meat, fish, eggs and nuts. |
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What are the functions and characteristics of Vitamins?
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Needed in small amounts
Helps metabolism and normal body functioning |
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What are the functions and characteristics of minerals?
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Needed in small amounts
neccesary for heathly bones teeth and nerves good sources are leafy green vegetables and mint |
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What are the functions and characteristics of Water?
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For temperature regulation
Bodies solvent |
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What are the functions and characteristics of Fibre?
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Indigestible plant matter
stimulates movement of food along digestive track Also called roughage |
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Give the definition of ingestion.
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Taking of food into body
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Give the definition of digestion
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The breaking down of large pieces of food so that the smaller pieces can be absorbed
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Give the definition of mechanical digestion
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Breaking up food by chewing and peristalsis.
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Give the definition of chemical digestion
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Breaking down food into very small particles using enzymes
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Give the definition of enzymes
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Substances made by the body by speeding up reaction
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Give the definition of absorption
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taking in of small particles from digestive system to blood
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Give the definition of elimination
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removal of unwanted substances from the body.
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Give the definition of peristalsis
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rhythmical muscle contraction
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for protein
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Milk, cheese and yogurt
Kwashiorkor |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for vitamin C
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Tomatoes and broccoli
Scurvy |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for vitamin A
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Milk and eggs
Night blindness |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for Vitamin B1
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cereals and pasta
BeriBeri |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for vitamin D
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Milk, yogurt and egg
Rickets |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for iron
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Red meat, eggs and oat meal
Anaemina |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for Calcium
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Dairy foods
Rickets |
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What are good food sources and the deficiency disease for Fibre.
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Wholegrain foods, fruits and vegetables.
Constipation |
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What do your suffer from when you get insufficient food.
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malnutrition
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what is the test for starch?
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Iodine - black/purple colour
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What is the test for glucose?
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Clinistix - dark purple
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What is the test for Protein?
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protein strip - dark green
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What is the test for oil?
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brown paper - goes translucent
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Where are carbohydrates digested, what enzymes digest them and what is the product of this digestion?
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Mouth and small intestine
amylase simple sugars |
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Where is protein digested, what enzymes digest them and what is the product of this digestion?
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stomach and small intestine
protease amino acids |
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Where are fats and oils digested, what enzymes digest them and what is the product of this digestion?
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small intestine
lipase fatty acids and glycerol |
