Human Anatomy & Physiology- Microbiology Basics

Front 1

Define Disease

Back 1

failure of the body to function normally

Front 2

Define Pathogens

Back 2

Disease-producing microorganism

Front 3

Define Infection

Back 3

invasion of body by a pathogen and symptoms that develop in response

Front 4

Define the term "Carrier" of the disease

Back 4

living organism that harbors a pathogen and acts as a source of infection

Front 5

Define Normal Flora

Back 5

organisms that normally and harmoniously live in or on the human body without causing it disease -- prevents the over-growth of other organisms, keeping them under control

Front 6

Define Viruses

Back 6

smallest of infectious agents, not cells and consist of either RNA or DNA protected by a protein shell

Front 7

What is bacteria?

Back 7

single celled organisms found everywhere

Front 8

How do viruses reproduce?

Back 8

can only reproduce in a living organism, called parasites

Front 9

Define Fungus

Back 9

plant-like organism

Front 10

Define Helminths

Back 10

multi-cellular animals that are parasitic & pathogenic to humans

Front 11

Define a vector

Back 11

an object, living or non-living, transfers a pathogen from one organism to another

Front 12

define fomite

Back 12

non-living vector (door knob)

Front 13

What are the three groups of bacteria?

Back 13

1. Coccus (round)

2. Bacillus (rod-shaped)

3. Curved rod

Front 14

What are the three Cocci ?

Back 14

Diplococci -- pairs

Streptococci -- chains

Staphylococci -- clusters, ex. grapes

Front 15

What lab test uses colour staining to identify pathogens?

Back 15

Gram Staining:

Distinguishes between gram-positive bacteria (purple) & gram-negative (pink)

Front 16

What is the preferred method of lab tests?

Back 16

Gram stain:

result in less than one hour

Front 17

Describe how infections are transmitted

Back 17

1. Person to person contact

- spread through droplets

2. Environment to person contact

- contact with contaminated food, water, air, or soil

3. Tiny animal to person contact

- use of insects in spread of disease: tiny animals are living vectors