Human Anatomy - Face And Scalp

Front 1

What are the two unique aspects of the skin of the face

Back 1

thickness of the skin is less

muscles (of facial expression) insert into deep surface of the skin

Front 2

What are the facial expression muscles also known as?

Back 2

mimetic muscles

Front 3

What are the mimetic muscles arranged around?

Back 3

eyes nostrils and mouth

Front 4

In general terms what are the mimetic muscles function as?

Back 4

dilators or sphincters

Front 5

The mimetic muscles are innervated by what?

Back 5

terminal branches of the facial nerve CN VII

Front 6

Sensory innervation to the face is provided by what?

Back 6

cutaneous branches of the trigeminal nerve

Front 7

The cutaneous nerves are branches of what three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 7

ophthalmic (V1)

maxillary (V2)

mandibular (V3)

Front 8

What nerves branch from V1?

Back 8

supraorbital n

supratrochlear n

Front 9

What does the V1 supply?

Back 9

upper eyelid

skin of the forehead and anterior scalp

Front 10

What are the nerve branches from V2?

Back 10

infraorbital nerve

Front 11

What does the infraorbital nerve supply?

Back 11

skin of nose lower eyelid upper lip and most of the cheek

Front 12

What nerve originates from V3?

Back 12

mental nerve

Front 13

What does the mental nerve supply?

Back 13

skin of the lower lip and chin

Front 14

How many terminal branches from the facial nerve innervate the muscles?

Back 14

5

Front 15

What does the facial nerve pass through before branching?

Back 15

parotid gland

Front 16

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

Back 16

temporal

zygomatic

buccal

mandibular

cervical

Front 17

What does the temporal branch supply?

Back 17

side of skull and forehead

Front 18

What does the zygomatic branch supply?

Back 18

muscles around the eye

Front 19

What does the buccal branches supply?

Back 19

muscles in the cheek

Front 20

What does the mandibular branches supply?

Back 20

lower lip and chin

Front 21

What does the cervical branch supply?

Back 21

platysma in neck

Front 22

What is the facial nerve know for compared to 12 cranial nerves?

Back 22

susceptible to injury and disease

Front 23

What is facial nerve paralysis

Back 23

Bell's palsy

Front 24

What is the result of Bell's Palsy

Back 24

weakness of facial muscles

complete paralysis of facial muscles

Front 25

Is Bell's Palsy reversible?

Back 25

in most cases yes over time

Front 26

What two arteries supply the face and scalp?

Back 26

transverse facial artery

facial artery

Front 27

What artery does the transverse facial artery branch from?

Back 27

superficial temporal

Front 28

Where does the transverse facial artery run?

Back 28

horizontally across the zygomatic arch

Front 29

What artery does the facial artery branch from?

Back 29

external carotid

Front 30

What does the facial artery supply?

Back 30

most of the facial region

Front 31

Where does the facial artery run?

Back 31

submandibular triangle

crosses mandible

medial angle of eye

Front 32

Where does facial vein lie?

Back 32

posterior to facial artery

Front 33

What does the facial vein connect to?

Back 33

common facial vein below mandible - eventually tributary to internal jugular vein

Front 34

What is the facial vein important?

Back 34

has connections with other veins including

superior ophthalmic (orbit)

pterygoid plexxus (infratemporal fossa)

Front 35

The superior ophthalmic & pterygoid plexus have connections with what?

Back 35

cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity

Front 36

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Back 36

Skin

Subcutaneous tissue

galea aponeurotica

Loose areolar tissue

pericarnium

Front 37

What does the subcutaneous tissue typically contain?

Back 37

vessels & nerves

Front 38

What is the galea aponeurotica?

Back 38

broad aponeurosis uniting two muscles

Front 39

What two muscles does the galea aponeurotica connect?

Back 39

frontalis

occipitalis

Front 40

What does the loose areolar tissue permit?

Back 40

limited movement of the scalp

Front 41

What is the pericranium?

Back 41

periosterum of the skull

Front 42

The veins in the scalp have direct connections with venous channels in cranial cavity by what?

Back 42

emissary veins

Front 43

What do the emissary veins enter the skull through?

Back 43

foramina in the skull

Front 44

What are examples of foramina in the skull?

Back 44

parietal & mastoid foramina

Front 45

What can these vascular channels do?

Back 45

transmit infection of the scalp to cranial cavity

Front 46

What can't arteries of the scalp constrict easily to decrease hemorrhaging?

Back 46

dense layer of connective tissue prevents constriction

Front 47

anterior Innervation of the scalp is provided by what?

Back 47

supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

Front 48

Posterior innervation of the scalp is provided by what?

Back 48

lesser occipital nerves