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45 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Characteristics of Tissue

3 Parts
Groups of cells that function as a unit
Similar embryonic origin
Cells surrounding by extracellular matrix
Epithelial Tissue
Covers or lines every body surface and all body cavities thus forming both the external and internal lining of many organs.
Epithelial Tissue Function

PASS
Protection, absorption, secretion and sensory recpetion.
Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

BNMIEV
Cells held tightly in sheets by intercellular joints
Little extracellular matrix
Extracellular basement membrane
Nerve endings
No blood vessels
High rate of mitosis
How many cell layers does epithelial tissue have?
Simple, stratified and pseudostratified.
How many intercellular junctions does epithelial tissue have?

4 Parts
Tight, adhering, desmosomes and gap.
Tight Junction
Encircles epithelial tissue near their apical surface and completely attaches each cell to its neighbors.
Adhering Junction
Formed around the cell and only needed near the apical surface to provide for support and a small space between neighboring cells.
Desmosomes
Button or snap between adjacent epithelial cells. Each cell contributes half a desmosome.
Gap Junction
Formed across the intercellular gap between neighboring cells.
Simple Epithelial
One cell layer thick, with all cells in direct contact with the basement membrane.
Stratified Epithelial
Two or more layers of cells. Only cells in deepest layer are in contact with basement membrane.
Pseudostratified Epithelial
The epithelium looks layered because the cells nuclei are distributed at different levels between the apical and basal surfaces.
What does pseudostratified epithelial cover?
Nasal cavity and respiratory passageway.
What are the four cell types?
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
A single layer of flattened cells. Specialzed to allow rapid movement of molecules across its surface by diffusion, osmosis or filtration.
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
Lining of the lung air sacs and lining of the lumen.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
A single layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide. A spherical nucleus is located in the cell.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function
Absorb fluids and other substances across the apical membrane and to secrete specific molecules.
What does the simple cuboidal epithelium form?
Walls of kindey tubules, ducts of exocrine glands, surface of the ovary and lines the follicles of the thyroid gland.
Noncilitated Simple Columnar Epitheliam
Oval shaped nucleus in basal region of cell, regions of cells have microvilli and may have goblet cells.
Noncilitated Simple Columnar Epitheliam Function
Oocyte movement through uterine tube.
Noncilitated Simple Columnar Epitheliam Location
Lining of uterine tubes and larger bronchioles of respiratory tract.
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Basal cells are cuboidal while apical cells are squamous. Surface cells are alive.
Nonkeratinized and Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function
Protection of underlying tissue.
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Location
Lining of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, vagina and anus.
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Basal cells are cuboidal while apical cells are squamous. Superficial cells are dead and filled with keratin.
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Epidermis of skin.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Function
Protection and the ciliated form are involved in secretion and movement of mucus.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Loation
Large ducts in exocrine glands and in male urethra.
Transitional Epithelium Function
Distention and relaxation to accomodate urine volume changes in bladder, uterus and urethra.
Endocrine Glands
Lack ducts and secrete their products directly into the interstitial fluid and bloodstream.
Exocrine Glands
Originate from an invagination of epithelium that burrows into deeper connective tissue. Has duct.
Connective Tissue
The most diverse, abundant, widely distributed and microscopically variable of the tissues.
Connective Tissue Function

4 Parts
Structural framework and support
Protection
Binding
Storage
Connective Tissue: Ground Substance
Primarily consists of protein and carbohydrate molecules and variables of water.
Connective Tissue: Protein Fibers
Strengthen and support tissue; consists of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and reticular fibers.
Connective Tissue: Collagen Fibers
Long, unbranched extracellular fibers. Strong, flexible and resistant to stretching.
Connective Tissue: Elastic Fibers
Stretch easily, branch, rejoin and appear wavy.
Connective Tissue: Reticular Fibers
Contain same protein subunits that collagen has, but are coated with glycoprotein. Form a branching, interwoven framework that is tough but flexible.
Connective Tissue Proper: Major Cells

2 Types
Wandering cells: involve in immune protection and repair of damaged EM.

Resident cells: support, maintain and repair EM.
Connective Tissue Proper: Fibroblasts
Large, flat with tapered ends that produce fibers and ground substance of the EM.
Connective Tissue Proper: Adipocytes
Flat, single large lipid droplet, cell components pushed to one side that store lipid reserves.
Connective Tissue Proper: Macrophages
Large, derived from monocytes, reside in EM that phagocytize foreign materials.
Connective Tissue Proper: Mesenchymal Cells
Spindle-shaped embryonic stem cells that divide in respone to injury