Human Anatomy Chapter 4

Front 1

The science of the microscopic structure of tissue.

Back 1

Histology

Front 2

What are the four types of tissue?

Back 2

Epethilial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Front 3

Epethelial tissue

-where can it be found?
-organization?
-example?

Back 3

epethilial tissue covers and lines all organs and tubes.

Well-organized

Glands

Front 4

Connective tissue

-found whrere?
-organization?

Back 4

EVERYWHERE. it acts as the glue of the body (holds us together)

NOT well-organized

Front 5

Muscle

-does what

Back 5

Contractile tissue- allows for movement.

Front 6

nervous tissue

does what?

Back 6

conduct electrical impulses

Front 7

Epithelial cells are so well-organized and very pact that is why they are found where?

Back 7

At boundaries they prevent leaks.

Front 8

What are the two basic types of EPETHELIAL TISSUE?

Back 8

Membranous
glandular

Front 9

What are membranous epithelial tissue used for?

Back 9

they line all cavities opened or closed to the outside

Front 10

what are glandular epithelial tissue used for?

Back 10

they form secretory portions. (make and secrete a product)

Front 11

What are the six features that distinguish epithelial tissue?

Back 11

1.) Cellularity- made up almost exclusively of cells.
2.) Specialized contacts- between cells to make TIGHT junctions
3.) Polarity- have both a base (basal) and an opening to the environment (apical)
4.) Supported by connective tissue.
5.) Avascular but innervated
6.) Easy regneration

Front 12

Classification of Epithelial tissue

Simple vs. Stratified?

Back 12

Simple- one cell layer thick (allows for easy diffusion)

Stratified- two or more layers thick (allows for more protection.

Front 13

Simple epithelial tissue are further categorized by shape.

what are the three shapes?

Back 13

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

Front 14

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 14

flat cells

to absorb, diffuse, filter, TRANSPORT THROUGH

In walls of blood vessels (endothelium), lining of cavities (mesothelium)

Pulmonary alveoli

Front 15

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 15

cube shaped

To transport

Found more in cellular machinery and within ducts whose function is secretory and/or excretory

Kidneys

Front 16

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 16

column shapeed

Absorption mostly in the digestive system (increases Surface area)

GOBLET CELLS (make mucous)

Front 17

Simple ciliated columnar epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 17

column shaped with cilia

cilia function to transport material across tubes.

found in the female reproductive tract.

Front 18

Simple pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 18

Appear to be multiple cell layer thick but its just that the nucleus is not at the same level as the cell.

removes dust and bacteria trapped in tubes.

Found in the trachea and bronchial tubes.

Front 19

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 19

flat tissue many cell layers thick

PROTECTION- best protective tissue.

Found in all epithelium (KERATINIZED).

Front 20

Stratified Cuboidal epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 20

Cube shaped... only about 2 cell layers thick.

Protection

lines large ducts including sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas

Front 21

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 21

Column-shaped

Found in large ducts (such as male urethra)

Front 22

Stratified transitory epithelial tissue

-shape?
-function?
-found where?
-example?

Back 22

FOUND ONLY in the urinary bladder.

allows bladder to change shape

Front 23

Glandular epithelium

Back 23

-secrete large amounts
- produce ONE substance

Front 24

What are the two types of glandular epethilia

Back 24

-endocrine- in the blood stream
-exocrine- secretes thrugh a duct (sweat)

Front 25

Exocrine glands can be

Back 25

unicellular or multicellular

Front 26

Combinations of ducts

-tubular
-alveolar
-simple
-compound
-branched
-unbranched

Back 26

.

Front 27

Merocrine glands

secretion:
examples:

Back 27

constantly secretes
wont break down
example: sweat and salivary

Front 28

Apocrine

Back 28

partial cellular destruction
CANNOT constantly secrete
Ex: Armpits and mammary gland

Front 29

Holocrine

Back 29

Entire cells die off and are part of the secretion

sebaceous glands

Front 30

Connective tissue

functions:

Back 30

the most abundant tissue
-houses WBC and phagocytic cells
-mantains fluid levels
-stores fats

Front 31

Embryonic connective tissue

-also called
-functions

Back 31

mesenchyme

migrates and will eventually form all other types of tissue

Front 32

Connective tissue proper

-properties
-how many kinds?
-composite fibers?

Back 32

loose, flexible

5

Collagen- very tough
Fibroblasts- make all other fibers
reticular fibers- smaller not as tough
elastin- allows elasticity

Front 33

Loose connective tissue has 5 subtypes what are they?

Back 33

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense irregular
Dense regular

Front 34

loose connective: Areolar

found where:
fibers:
function:
example:

Back 34

MOST ABUNDANT Connective tissue (which is the most abundant tissue)

wraps around organs

lots of collagen

surrounds all blood capilaries

holds skin underneath muscle

Front 35

Loose connective adipose

made up of:
found where:
function:

Back 35

fat cells mixed with tissue

store energy and provide protection

concentrated around kidneys, heart and joints.

Front 36

Reticular connective tissue

made up of:
purpose:
example:

Back 36

alot of reticular fibers

to protect body and form spleen and phagocytes

spleen

Front 37

Dense IRregular tissue

made up of:
function:
example:

Back 37

lots of collagen fibers

to protect bones from tensile strength

Front 38

Dense regular connective

Arranged:
purpose:
examples:

Back 38

parallel to the direction of force

resists tensile pressure

ligaments and tendons

Front 39

you can strain what
you can sprain what

Back 39

tendons and muscles
ligament

Front 40

Cartellage is the 3rd of 5 tissue classes.

-also called
-vascular?
-innervated?
- maneuvers what?

Back 40

chondrocytes

no; no

water

Front 41

what are the three classes of cartellage?

Back 41

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartillage

Front 42

Hyaline Cartillage

-found where?
- tough or weak?
- example?

Back 42

MOST ABUNDANT CARTILLAGE

-covers ends of long bonds
-tough but allows bending
-found in SYNOVIAL JOINTS

Front 43

Elastic cartilage

-found where?
-tough or movable?

Back 43

ears and epiglottis

very moveable

Front 44

Fibrocartilage

-tough or movable
-found where?
-purpose?

Back 44

Very tough
areas of high stress (intervertebral disks, knee joints, pubic bone)
durable and shock absorbant

Front 45

Bone tissue

-also considered what
- matrix of what 2 substances

Back 45

the MOST RIGID connective tissue

calcium (very rigid)
intracellular collagen (flexibility)

Front 46

Blood

-also called what?
-made up of what 3 substances
-function

Back 46

a class of connective tissue

Plasma
RBC
WBC

to transport minerals, gases, wastes, and nutrients.

Front 47

Muscle tissue has three classes what are they?

Back 47

-smooth
- cardiac
- skeletal

Front 48

Smooth muscle tissue

-size
-nucleated?
-voluntary/involuntary?
-striations?

Back 48

large
multinucleated
voluntary
striations

Front 49

Cardiac muscle

-involuntary/voluntary?
-stiations?
-communication?
-nucleated?

Back 49

involuntary
striated
has intercalated discs to synchronize heart beats.
ONE NUCLEUS

Front 50

Smooth muscle tissue

-voluntary/involuntary?
-striated?
-nucleated?
-involved in?

Back 50

involuntary
no
ONE NUCLEUS
digestion primarily

Front 51

Nervous tissue can be broken into two clases what are they?

Back 51

Neuons
Glial cells

Front 52

What is so unique about nervous tissue?

Back 52

they can propogate electrical signals.