Human Anatomy - Chapter 20

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

study of shape/structure or organism + its parts

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

study of function of organism/its parts

Front 3

anatomical position

Back 3

body erect - palms, toes, face forward

Front 4

anterior/ventral

Back 4

toward the front, stomach side

Front 5

posterior/dorsal

Back 5

toward the back

Front 6

superior

Back 6

toward the head

Front 7

inferior

Back 7

toward the feet

Front 8

superficial

Back 8

on/near surface

Front 9

deep

Back 9

toward the inside

Front 10

lateral

Back 10

toward the side

Front 11

medial

Back 11

toward the middle

Front 12

transverse

Back 12

body divided into superior/inferior portions

Front 13

sagittal

Back 13

body divided into left/right portions

Front 14

cranial cavity

Back 14

contains brain

Front 15

spinal cavity

Back 15

surrounds spinal cord

Front 16

trunk

Back 16

torso w/out limbs

Front 17

thoracic cavity

Back 17

superior cavity of the trunk

Front 18

abdominal cavity

Back 18

inferior cavity of the trunk

Front 19

pelvis

Back 19

hip area near reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs

Front 20

lumbar region

Back 20

lower back; "small of the back"

Front 21

nasal cavity

Back 21

nostrils + sinuses

Front 22

buccal cavity

Back 22

oral cavity; mouth

Front 23

histology

Back 23

study of tissues

Front 24

vascular

Back 24

tissues that contain blood vessels

Front 25

avascular

Back 25

tissues that lack blood vessels

Front 26

matrix

Back 26

nonliving material surrounding cells; most abundant in connective tissue

Front 27

connective tissue

Back 27

- contains matrix; usually vascular
- supports, protects, connects
- examples: blood, tendons, lymph, fat, cartilage

Front 28

Four classes of biological tissue

Back 28

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

Front 29

epithelial tissue

Back 29

- Avascular; may be a single layer or multiple layers of tightly bound cells
- Function: Covers and lines external and internal body surfaces; protects; secretes; absorbs; filters

Front 30

muscle tissue

Back 30

Vascular; composed of contracting cells
- moves and supports

Front 31

nervous tissue

Back 31

- avascular
- contains cells that receive/transmit electrochemical
impulses
- coordinates/interprets

Front 32

epidermis

Back 32

outermost layer of skin

composed of epithelial cells

Front 33

stratum basale

Back 33

also, stratum germinativum
- deepest epidermal layer
- carries on mitosis

Front 34

karotin

Back 34

waxy protein that fills the older epidermal cells before they die

Front 35

stratum corneum

Back 35

- horny layer
- outermost layer of the epidermis
- consists of older cells that are forced superficially + are constantly being sloughed off

Front 36

Functions of the skin

Back 36

protection
sensation
temp. reg.
excretion
vitamin D manufacture
absorption

Front 37

dermis

Back 37

- inner, thicker skin layer
- composed mostly of connective tissues
- contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, oil glands

Front 38

subcutaneous layer

Back 38

- not actually part of the skin
- attaches dermis to muscles beneath
-composed of connective tissues

Front 39

follicle

Back 39

structure, located in the dermis, contains the hair root

Front 40

shaft

Back 40

visible portion of hair; contains dead, keratin-filled cells

Front 41

exocrine glands

Back 41

release secretions through ducts

Front 42

sebaceous glands

Back 42

- produce oil (sebum)
- reduces water loss
- keeps hair/skin soft

Front 43

sweat glands

Back 43

- produce perspiration
- function: elimination of waste, temp control

Front 44

melanocytes

Back 44

epidermal cells that produce melanin;

Front 45

melanin

Back 45

a pigment that colors the skin

Front 46

acne

Back 46

inflammation of sebaceous caused by the blockage of a pore

Front 47

blister

Back 47

epidermis is separated from the dermis by friction, allowing fluid to collect

Front 48

first-degree burns

Back 48

damage to outer epidermal layers only

Front 49

second-degree burns

Back 49

involve damage to all of the epidermal layers/some of the dermis

Front 50

third-degree burns

Back 50

tissue damage to all of the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer

Front 51

calluses/corns

Back 51

thickened layers of epidermis caused by pressure/friction

Front 52

psoriasis

Back 52

red, scaly patches of skin where epidermal cells have been depleted too quickly to be replenished

Front 53

ringworm

Back 53

a fungal infection of the skin that appears as a white circle under the skin

Front 54

warts

Back 54

layers of hard, dead cells

Front 55

axial skeleton

Back 55

skull + ribs + vertebral column

Front 56

appendicular skeleton

Back 56

pelvic/pectoral girdles + appendages

Front 57

follicle

Back 57

structure that contains the hair root
- located in dermis

Front 58

shaft

Back 58

visible portion of hair; dead, keratin-filled cells

Front 59

exocrine glands

Back 59

release secretions through ducts

Front 60

sebaceous glands

Back 60

- produce oil (sebum)
- reduces water loss
- moisturizes hair/skin

Front 61

sweat gland

Back 61

produce perspiration
- function: waste elimination, temp control

Front 62

melanocytes

Back 62

epidermal pores that produce melanin

Front 63

melanin

Back 63

a pigment that covers the skin

Front 64

axial skeleton

Back 64

skull, ribs, vertebral column

Front 65

appendicular skeleton

Back 65

pelvic/pectoral girdles + appendages