Human Anatomy Chapter 2 The Cell

Front 1

There are ___ different types of cells in the human body?

Back 1

200

Front 2

LM=?

Back 2

Light Microscope (720X)

Front 3

TEM=?

Back 3

Transmission Electron Microscope (50,000X)

Front 4

SEM=?

Back 4

Scanning Electron Microscope (3300X)

Front 5

Most cells are between __ micrometers and ____ micrometers (in humans)

Back 5

1 and 100 micrometers

Front 6

Individual cells usually studied with what?

Back 6

Microscopy

Front 7

Sub cellular structures are usually studied with what?

Back 7

An electron miscroscope

Front 8

_____ Produces 2-dimensional images for study by passing visible light through the specimen.

Back 8

Light Microscope

Front 9

_______ Use beam of electrons to "illuminate" specimen

Back 9

Electron Microscope

Front 10

_______ Directs electrons beam through thin-cut section of specimen. Makes 2D image.
Can show cilia close up on the surface of epithelial cells.

Back 10

Transmission Electron Microscope

Front 11

_____ 3D detailed study. Shows surface of specimen

Back 11

SEM

Front 12

Glycocalyx

Back 12

External carbohydrate coat (sugar)

Front 13

Lipids

Back 13

Materials insoluble in H2O (fats, oils, steroids)

Front 14

What are the 3 types of Plasma Membranes?

Back 14

Phospholipids, cholestrol, and glycolipids

Front 15

_____ Are diverse molecules composed of smaller molecules called amino acids

Back 15

Proteins

Front 16

2 types of Plasma Membrane Proteins

Back 16

integral and peripheral

Front 17

Glycoproteins

Back 17

proteins attached to carbohydrate groups. Form about 90% of membrane molecules that have carbohydrates attached to external surface.

Front 18

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Back 18

sodium goes into the pump, the pump changes its shape and then the sodium leaves, potassium ions go into the pump and into the cell.

Front 19

Exocytosis

Back 19

REQUIRES ATP
process a cell uses to move LARGER molecules from the inside of cell to outside. Fuses with membrane to do this.

Front 20

Endocytosis

Back 20

Process where cell aquires materials from the extracellular fluid.
3 different types:
phagocytosis (cell eating)
pinocytosis (cell drinking)
receptor (mediated endocytosis)

Front 21

Endoplasmic Reticulum (organelle)

Back 21

network of flattened membrane sacs.
primary function is lipid synthesis.
2 types:
Smoother ER and Rough ER

Front 22

Golgi Apparatus (organelle)

Back 22

"FedEx" of the cell
Tags and ships molecules out of the cell

Front 23

Lysosome (orprotein synthesis)ganelle)

Back 23

Recycling center of cell

Front 24

Mitrochondri (organelle)

Back 24

Powerhouse of cell
Produces ATP
Requires Oxygen of function

Front 25

Ribosomes (organelle)

Back 25

protein synthesis
"Reads" genetic info (mRNA) from nucleus
Assemble amino acids into proteins
May be "free" in cytoplasm or attached to ER

Front 26

Cytoskelton

Back 26

Polymers of many small protein molecules.
Give cell its shape and allows cells to move (but not all cells can move)

Front 27

Centrosomes

Back 27

Organize cytoskelton for cell division.

Front 28

Cilia and Flagella

Back 28

Projections of cell that move.
Cilia causes the layer of mucus on the outside to move in one direction.

Front 29

Nucleus

Back 29

The Control Center
-contains genetic material (DNA)
-nucleue envelope is a structure that controls the entry and exit of molecules in nucleus.
-Double helix