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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Properties of Water |
1. High heat capacity; can absorb/release heat 2. High heat of vaporization; takes a lot of energy to break bonds between molecules 3. Polar Solvent 4. Reactivity; most important reactant in many bodily reactions 5. Provides cushioning |
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Inorganic |
Molecules not based around carbon/hydrogen -ie. CO2, O2, water, inorganic acids, bases, and salts |
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Organic |
Based around carbon/hydrogen. Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. |
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pH |
-Blood has a pH of 7 -Shifts in pH can cause harm or be fatal -Potential of hydrogen ions to dissassociate.
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Buffers |
-Balances pH by absorbing H+ or donating OH- -During exercise, we release CO2 (acidic), buffers maintain this pH. |
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Acids |
-Donate a proton to solution, easily dissolved. -Weak Acids and Bases don't completely dissociate, help determine pH of solution. |
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Salts |
-Completely dissociate, creating a cation (+) and an anion (-) -Antacids are actually buffers that convert acids into salts. |
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Carbohydrates |
-Energy source and structural molecule. -The brain only uses glucose for energy -Monosaccharides (simple) = glucose -Disaccharides (two) = sucrose -Polysaccharides (many) = starches and complex carbs. |
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Lipids |
-Provide long-term energy, cushioning, insulation, structure -Twice as much energy as carbs -Needs an escort when going through the blood |
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Fatty Acids |
End tail -COOH -Saturated = No double bonds, solid at room temp. -Unsaturated = Double bonds; liquid at room temp. |
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Triglycerides |
contains glycerol backbone, provides energy, storage, insulation, and cushioning |
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Eicosanoids |
-Contain arachadonic acid. Leukotrienes and Prostaglandins are good examples. |
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Functions of Proteins |
1. Enzymes - Catalyze reactions (metabolism) 2. Support - Structural 3. Movement - Contractile 4. Transport - Across membranes and in blood 5. Buffering - pH regulation 6. Coordination/Control - Horemones, cell signaling. 7. Defense - Immune recognition and response |
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Proteins |
-Most abundant and important of cellular molecules -Fibrous Proteins - structural sheets; strands, very stable, tough (keratin, elastin) -Globular Proteins - vital to body functions. highly soluble in water. Denature rapidly. (enzymes, hormones, antibodies) |
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Proteoglycans |
- Large polysaccharides combined with polypeptides. Function to increase viscosity |
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Enzymes |
-Globular. Catalyze reactions without becoming altered. -Very specific: only work with certain substrates -Limited: Once active site is filled, nothing else can bind. -Regulated: Can be denatured and some may require cofactors or coenzymes |
