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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
integument
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the skin that covers your body, also known as the cutaneous membrane
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integumentary system
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consists of skin and derivatives-nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
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dermatology
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scientific study and treatment of integumentary system
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integument has two separate layers
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a kater of stratified squamous epithelium called epidermis, and a deeper layer of dense irregular connective tissue called dermis
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subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
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deep to the dermis, layer of areolar and adipose connective tissue (not part of ingeumentary system)
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skin is selectively permeable
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some materials are able to pass through the skin and others are effectively blocked
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transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
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some interstitial fluids slowly penetrate the epidermis to the surface, where they evaporate
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insensible perspiration
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release of water vapor from sweat glands under "normal" circumstances when we are not sweating
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epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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immune cells (phagocytic) in the skin
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tactile (Merkel) cells
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large, specialized epithelial cells that stimulate specific sensory nerve endings when distorted by fine touch or pressure
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sensible sweating
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occurs when the body needs to cool itself off
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sebum
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from sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin surface and hair
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urea
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nitrogenous waste product of body cells
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epidermis
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keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
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stratum basale
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deepest epidermal layer, tightly attached to underlying basement membrane that separates the epidermis from connective tissue of adjacent dermis
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keratinocytes
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stem cells that provide new epidermal cells to replace superficial dead ones
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melanocytes
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transfer pigment granules into keratinocytes in basal layers
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straum spinosum
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just above stratum basale, nondividing, highly specialized keratinocyte
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stratum granulosum
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keratinization begins, upper layer
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stratum lucidum
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thin, translucent, superficial to granulosum, only in thick skin, filled with protein eleiden (intermediate keratin)
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stratum corneum
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most superficial layer of epidermis, 20-30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells
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How is skin classified
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thick or thin based on number of strata in epidermis and relative thickness of epidermis
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thin epidermis
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lacks stratum lucidum, has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
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thick epidermis
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all five epidermal strata, has sweat glands
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nevus
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commonly called a mole
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freckles
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yellowish or brown spots of excessive melanocyte activity
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hemangioma
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congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate and form a benign tumor "strawberry birthmark"
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friction ridge
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fingerprints, toeprints, and palms
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dermis
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lies deep to the epidermis, connective tissue layer
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papillary layer
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external region of dermis directly adjacent to epidermis, dermal papillae and epidermal ridges interlock
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reticular layer
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deeper, major portion of the dermis, surrounds structures, fibrous network
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striae
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stretch marks, skin stretches past capabilities and collagen fibers tear
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lines of cleavage
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identify the predominant orientation of collagen fiber bundles
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vasoconstriction
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blood vessels narrow when we are cold, blood must flow deeper to conserve heat away from periphery of body
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vasodilation
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blood vessels dialate, goes to superficial vessels and heat can more easily dissapate through skin, decrease in circulation to other organs
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layers of integument
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see table 5.2 on page 131
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free edge
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whitish layer of nail
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nail body
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pinkish part of nail
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nail plate
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free edge, body and root
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nail matrix
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actively growing part of nail
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lunula
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whitish, semiluminar area of the prosimal end of the nail body
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pilus
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a single hair
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lanugo
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fine, unpigmented downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester
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vellus
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most of the lanugo has been replaced by birth by similarly fine, unpigmented or lightly pigmented hair
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terminal hair
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coarser, pigmented, and longer than vellus, grows on scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, pubic hair
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connective tissue root sheath
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originates from the dermis
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epithelial root sheath
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originiates from epidermis
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arrector pili muscle
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stimulated in response to an emotional state like fear, exposure to cold temperatures, "goose bumps" or hair standing on end
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pheromones
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chemical signals involved in attracting members of the opposite sex
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alopecia
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thinning of the hair
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sweat gland duct
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carries sweat to the surface
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myoepithelial cells
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in response to sympathetic nervous stimulation, contract to squeeze gland to disharge accumulated secretion
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merocrine sweat glands
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most numerous, makes sweat
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apocrine sweat glands
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coiled, tubular glands that release into hair follicles at armpit, nipples, groin, and anus
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exocytosis
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process by which sweat glands excrete
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sebaceous glands
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secrete oily, waxy to protect hair, bactericidal properties
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ceruminous glands
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modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal to form earwax (cerumen)
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mammary glands
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modified apocrine sweat glands, become functional only in pregnant females
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integumentary system components not reparied after damange
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hair follicles, glands, nerves, and muscle cells
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ectoderm
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gives rise to epidermis
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mesoderm
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gives rise to dermis
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vernix caseosa
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sloughed off periderm mixed with sebum to create a protective coating for fetus' skin
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