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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 functions of the circulatory system
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1) Transport
2) Regulation 3) Protection |
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Define trasport
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all substances ESSENTIAL for the cellular metabolism are transported by the circulatory system
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types of substances transported by the circulatory system (3)
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1) Respiratory - RBC carry )2 to tissue/cell from the lungs
2)Nutritive - digestive system breaks down food (organic molecules), blood carries those molecules to the liver and tissue/cells of the body where they can be used ex.: carbs, lipids, proteins 3)Excretoty - metabolic waste, H2O and ions filtered by kidneys from blood ex.: heat, lactate, urea, water |
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Define regulation
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blood carries hormones and other regulatory molecules that control a variety of tissue/cellular functions essential for life
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define protection
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protects AGAINST INJURY and FOREIGN MICROBES/TOXINS within the body (clotting mechanisms, WBC, leukocytes)
- closed system/looped: technically should not have a loss of matter/mass |
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hemophiliacs
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missing WBC/the ability to clot
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Circulatory system can be divided into 2 main components or divisions
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1)Cardiovascular system
2)Lymphatic system |
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pump, fluid, and passageway for cardiovascular system
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1) heart (flow is in L/min or mL/min)
2) blood 3) blood vessels (arteries, capilliaries, veins) |
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pump, fluid, and passageway for lymphatic system
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1)heart (indirectly)
2) lymph 3) lymph vessels |
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why do lymph nodes enlarge?
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b/c particles have been caught in the "filter" and WBC come to destroy these particles
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how many mL in one L
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1000 mL in 1 L
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blood flow/cardiac output for the average person at rest
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5-6 L at rest
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Factors that effect how the heart pumps (2)
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1) Beats per minute (60-80 beats per min)
2) Volume - stroke volume, L per beat or mL per beat. 10-80 mL per beat |
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equations for cardiac output
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heart rate x stroke volume
(rate x volume) |
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At excersise cardiac output for average person, athlete, and super athlete
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1) 20-25 L/min
2) 25-30 L/min 3) 30-40 L/min Rate: 200 beats per min Stroke Volume: 120-140 mL/beat |
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blood volume for the average sized individual
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5 L
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blood viscosity
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the blood has a thickness of 4.5 to 5.5. water has a thickness of 1 hence blood IS thicker then water
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blood weight (%)
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8% of the total body weight
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Two main types of blood
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1) Arterial blood (AWAY from heart = oxygenated)
2)Venous blood (VENTURE BACK to heart = un-oxygenated) |
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Arterial blood:
1) oxygenated? 2) found where? 3) hemoglobin saturation? 4) color |
1) yes
2) arteries and pulmonary veins 3) 97-98% 4) bright red |
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Venous blood:
1) oxygenated? 2) found where? 3) hemoglobin saturation? 4) color |
1)no
2) veins and pulmonary artery 3) 75% 4) dark blue-ish |
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two main components of the blood and %
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plasma (50-55%) and formed elements (45-50%)
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2 components of plasma
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water and solutes/particles
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3 components of formed elements
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ERYTHROCYTES (rbc makes up the majority)
and leukocytes (wbc) and thrombocytes (platelets) |
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2 factors that can cause variation in % of components of blood
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H2O intake and menstartion
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recirculation time for the average person at rest and for exersice
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1) 1 min
2) 15 secs |
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relation between viscosity and stress on heart
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with higher viscosity (thickness) there is more stress on the heart
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Define hematocrit
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% of the blood that is RBC
(45% normal male, 41-43% normal female) |
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define hemaglobin
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protein pigment found in rbc hold on to O2
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relation between, hematocrit, hemaglobin, O2
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if hematocrit is down then hemaglobin is down then O2 is low
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6 parts of solutes/particles found in plasma
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protein, non-protein, monomeres of digestion, regulatory substances, respiratory substances, respiratory gases, electrolytes
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3 types of protein
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1)albumin - (60-80%)maintain blood pressure and give viscosity to the blood
2)globulins - (36%) 3)fibriogen (4% of total plasma protein) |
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3 parts of globulins
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a-alpha globulins: transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins
b-beta globulins: transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins c-gamma globulins: constitute anti-bodies of immunity |
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define non-protein substances
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breakdown products of protein metabolism (creatine, urea, uric acid)
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define monomeres of digestion
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food substances from the digestive system = carbs (mono), lipids, proteins (amino acids)
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examples of regulatory substances
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hormones such as insulin, glucagon, ect
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examples of electolytes
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sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate
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anatomy and physiology of erythrocytes (rbc)
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(most numerous type of blood cell)[anaerobic]
-no nucleus -no mitochondria energy derived through anaerobic metabolism -contains hemoglobin (Hb) which functions to transport O2 and CO2 within blood |
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anatomy and physiology of leukocytes
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(function to aid in defense against infections by micro-organisms)[aerobic]
-contain nucleus -contain mitochondria -can move in and out of the blood vessels (DIAPEDESIS) |
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types of leukocytes
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a) granular - eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
b) agranular - lymphocytes, monocytes |
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anatomy and physiology of thrombocytes (or platelets)
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(function to assist the blood clotting mechanisms)
-no nucleus -not truly a cell but cell fragments of large cells. the phospholipid in their membrane serve to activate the clotting factors in plasma |
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shape of cell as it relates to function
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change in cell cell means change in cell function
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1985 Ryan White
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got blood from blood bank, it was infected with HIV and got AIDS, no longer a "gay" stigma
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